2024考研英语同源外刊11月:你可能不需要每天睡够8小时
Everyone knows that going to bed too late can leave you less alert the next day. But recent claims have gone further, promoting the idea that regularly getting too little sleep raises the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and even shrinks the brain. Health bodies, such as those in the US and the UK, advise that adults generally need between 7 and 9 hours of sleep a night. And, thanks to the recent availability of wrist-worn sleep tracking devices, it has never been easier to know if you are meeting this quota.
每个人都知道睡得太晚会让你第二天精神不济。但最近的说法又更极端了，推行的观点是经常性睡眠不足会增加患阿尔茨海默病的风险，甚至会导致大脑萎缩。美国和英国等健康机构建议，成年人通常每晚需要睡7到9个小时。而且，由于最近腕式穿戴睡眠跟踪设备的上市，让你对知悉自己睡眠是否达标这件事变得前所未有的容易。
词汇
1.go further 推进，进一步发展，将某事物推向更高级别的阶段
2.wrist-worn adj．佩戴在手腕上的：指设计为佩戴在手腕上的物品，如手表、手环等
3.quota 英/ ˈkwəʊtə /美/ ˈkwoʊtə / n.定额，限额；（人对事情、品质或属性拥有的）份额；定量，指标；（候选人当选所需的）规定票数，最低票数；（英国国教会牧区贡献给主教教区的）资金份额；<非正式>预计量
Typically, there is a roughly U-shaped curve for the relationship between hours of slumber and the chances of a bad health outcome, such as dementia, and an inverted U-shaped curve for measures where a higher value signifies better health, such as brain volume seen on an MRI scan. But such population studies can only find correlations between sleep duration and health, they can’t tell us if poor sleep is causing the health problem.
通常情况下，睡眠时间与痴呆症等不良健康后果之间的关系大致呈U型曲线，而对于健康状况较好的指标，如核磁共振成像扫描中显示的脑容量，则呈倒 U 型曲线。但是，这类人群研究只能发现睡眠时间与健康之间存在相关性，并不能告诉我们睡眠质量差是否导致了健康问题。
词汇
1.slumber 英/ ˈslʌmbə(r) /美/ ˈslʌmbər / n.睡眠；麻木状态；静止状态 vi.睡眠；蛰伏；麻木 vt.睡眠；睡着度过
2.dementia 英/ dɪˈmenʃə /美/ dɪˈmenʃə/ n.痴呆，精神错乱
Fjell and his team have now tried to take a deeper look, through a series of studies that used brain volume as a proxy for brain health. First, they looked at brain volume in relation to sleep duration at a single point in time, using existing data on about 47,000 people. Here, they found an inverted U-shaped curve, although the highest brain volume was linked with a surprisingly low 6.5 hours of sleep a night.
现在，菲耶尔和他的团队试图通过一系列以脑容量作为大脑健康代用指标的研究，进行更深入的研究。首先，他们利用现有约4.7万人的数据，研究了某一特定时间点的脑容量与睡眠时间的关系。他们发现二者在这方面呈现倒U型曲线关系，尽管令人惊讶的是脑容量的最大值与每晚低至6.5小时的睡眠时间存在相关关系。
词汇
1.proxy 英/ ˈprɒksi /美/ ˈprɑːksi / n.代理权，代表权；代理人，代表；（测算用的）代替物，指标；投票委托书
2.link with 与……联系；与……相关联
The team then carried out a further analysis that tracked about 4000 people for up to 11 years. In this case, there was no correlation between sleep duration at the beginning of the study and brain shrinkage over this period. The researchers also did a third kind of analysis, using genetic data gathered in one of the studies, for about 30,000 people. This found that those who are genetically predisposed to have either short or long sleep durations don’t have smaller brain volumes than more moderate sleepers. Put together, this set of results challenges the idea that failing to get enough sleep shrinks the brain, says Fjell.
研究小组随后进行了进一步分析，对大约 4000人开展了长达11年的跟踪调查。在这种情况下，最初研究时的睡眠时间与在此期间的脑萎缩之间没有任何关联。研究人员还利用其中一项研究中收集的基因数据，对约3万人开展了第三种分析。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~综合来看，这一系列结果对“睡眠不足会导致大脑萎缩”这一观点提出了质疑，菲耶尔说。
词汇
1.carry out 执行；进行；实施；买走
2.shrinkage 英/ ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ /美/ ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ / n.收缩；减低
3.predispose 英/ ˌpriːdɪˈspəʊz /美/ ˌpriːdɪˈspoʊz / v.使倾向于，使受……的影响；使易感染，使易患（某种疾病）
4.put together 组装或装配；准备或安排；理解或推断；整洁或有条理
While Fjell doesn’t advise anyone to deliberately change their sleeping habits as a result of the findings, he believes that there is much natural variation in people’s innate sleep requirements and – unless prevented by circumstances – the brain will make sure it gets the necessary amount. “We speculate that you have a homeostatic drive towards the sleep you need,” he says.
虽然菲耶尔并不建议任何人因为这些发现而刻意改变自己的睡眠习惯，但他认为，人们天生对睡眠的需求存在很大的自然差异，除非受到环境的阻碍，否则大脑会确保获得必要的睡眠量。他说：“我们推测，人在保证睡眠需求上有一种自我平衡的驱动力。”
词汇
1.innate 英/ ɪˈneɪt /美/ ɪˈneɪt / adj.先天的，固有的；（信仰）根深蒂固的
2.homeostatic 英/ ˌhəʊmɪəˈsteɪtɪk /美/ ˌhoʊmioʊˈstætɪk / adj.自我平衡的；原状稳定的
3.drive toward 朝……驶去
写作句总结原句：
While Fjell doesn’t advise anyone to deliberately change their sleeping habits as a result of the findings, he believes that there is much natural variation in people’s innate sleep requirements and – unless prevented by circumstances – the brain will make sure it gets the necessary amount.
结构：[Subject] + doesn't advise + anyone + to + [verb phrase] + as a result of + [noun phrase], + [subject] + believes that + [noun phrase] + and – unless prevented by + [noun phrase] – + [subject] + will + [verb phrase].
例句：While experts don't advise individuals to completely change their lifestyle as a result of environmental concerns, they believe that there is much natural variation in people's daily habits and – unless prevented by external factors – individuals will make conscious efforts to contribute to environmental protection.
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