2024考研英语同源外刊1月:穿好的跑鞋是不是胜之不武？
PLATFORM SHOES are back in fashion, at least in athletics. Many of the long-distance runners at the Tokyo Olympics, which begin on July 23rd, will arrive at the starting line sporting footwear with a distinctive chunky-looking heel. It will be more than just a fashion statement. The new shoes offer such a big performance advantage that critics have described them as “technological doping”.
厚底鞋又重新流行起来了，至少在运动方面是这样。7月23日开始的东京奥运会的许多长跑运动员将穿着独特的厚实后跟来到起跑线。这将不仅仅是一种时尚宣言。这款新鞋提供了如此大的性能优势，批评人士称它们为“技术兴奋剂”。
Running-shoe makers have long tried to boost athletic performance, observes Geoff Burns, a biomechanics expert at the University of Michigan. In olden days, a 1% improvement in “running economy”—the energy taken to travel a given distance—would have impressed. But in 2016 Nike released the first version of its “Vaporfly” model, which improved running economy by 4%. If that percentage were to translate directly into performance, it would knock about five minutes off an elite male’s marathon time. In practice, as Dr Burns observes, it wouldn’t quite do that.
密歇根大学的生物力学专家杰夫·伯恩斯说，跑鞋制造商长期以来一直试图运动表现。在过去，“运行经济”的1%的改善会给人留下深刻的印象。但在2016年，耐克发布了第一款“汽蝇”鞋型，如果这一比例直接转化为表现，该车型将跑步经济了4%，这将使精英男性马拉松时间缩短5分钟。实际上，正如伯恩斯博士所观察到的那样，它并不会完全这样做。
A marathon improvement of around 90 seconds would be a more realistic expectation. But Vaporfly and its successors have helped athletes smash a string of records. On June 6th Sifan Hassan, a Dutch runner, completed a women’s 10,000 metres race in 29 minutes and 6.82 seconds, beating a record set in 2016. Two days later she was overtaken by Letesenbet Gidey, an Ethiopian, who clocked 29 minutes and 1.03 seconds. In 2019 Eliod Kipchoge, a Kenyan, became the first to run, albeit in an unofficial event, a marathon’s distance of 42.195km in under two hours. The same weekend Brigid Kosgei, another Kenyan, broke a women’s marathon record that had stood for 16 years.
马拉松式的改进大约90秒将是一个更现实的期望。但汽飞及其继任者帮助运动员打破了一系列记录。6月6日，荷兰选手西凡·哈桑以29分6.82秒的成绩完成了女子1万米比赛，打破了2016年的纪录。两天后，她被埃塞俄比亚人莱特森贝特·吉迪超越，成绩为29分1.03秒。2019年，肯尼亚人埃利奥德·基普乔奇成为第一个参加非正式比赛的马拉松选手，两小时不到42.195公里。同一个周末，另一名肯尼亚人布里吉德·科斯吉打破了连续16年保持的女子马拉松纪录。
Scientists are still puzzling over exactly how the shoes work. The soles are made of a new type of foam that offers an unprecedented mix of resilience and squidginess, according to Dr Burns. This returns around 80% of the energy from each strike of a runner’s foot. The carbon-fibre plate may help by stiffening the midsole, and possibly by altering a runner’s gait. By cushioning a runner’s bones, muscles and ligaments from repetitive impacts, the shoes may even help athletes train harder than they otherwise could.
科学家们仍在困惑这双鞋到底是如何工作的。据伯恩斯博士说，鞋底由一种新型泡沫制成，提供了前所未有的弹性和弹性的混合。跑步者的脚击打返回约80%的能量。碳纤维板可能有助于加强中底，也可能是通过改变跑步者的步态。通过缓冲跑步者的骨骼、肌肉和韧带免受重复的冲击，这双鞋甚至可以帮助运动员进行更努力的训练。
In January 2020 World Athletics, the governing body of international athletics, passed new rules limiting the thickness of a road shoe’s sole to 40mm. Meanwhile, Nike appears to have shelved plans to deploy high tech shoes designed for sprinters at the Tokyo games, possibly because they did not comply with regulations either. But if they, or a rival manufacturer, have worked out a way around that problem, there could be fireworks in the sprints, too.
2020年1月，国际田径运动的管理机构世界田径协会通过了新规定，将公路鞋的鞋底厚度限制在40毫米以内。与此同时，耐克似乎已经搁置了在东京奥运会上部署为短跑运动员设计的高科技鞋的计划，可能是因为他们也没有遵守规定。但如果他们，或者一个竞争对手的制造商，已经解决了这个问题，那么短跑比赛中也可能会有激烈竞争。
重点单词的翻译和例句：
Athletics (田径)
Example: Many of the long-distance runners at the Tokyo Olympics will be sporting footwear with a distinctive chunky-looking heel.
Performance Advantage (性能优势)
Example: The new shoes offer such a big performance advantage that critics have described them as "technological doping."
Biomechanics (生物力学)
Example: Geoff Burns, a biomechanics expert at the University of Michigan, observes that running-shoe makers have long tried to boost athletic performance.
Running Economy (运行经济)
Example: In olden days, a 1% improvement in "running economy" would have impressed.
Vaporfly (汽蝇)
Example: In 2016, Nike released the first version of its "Vaporfly" model, which improved running economy by 4%.
长难句翻译：
Scientists are still puzzling over exactly how the shoes work. The soles are made of a new type of foam that offers an unprecedented mix of resilience and squidginess, according to Dr. Burns. This returns around 80% of the energy from each strike of a runner’s foot.
（科学家们仍在困惑这双鞋到底是如何工作的。根据伯恩斯博士的说法，鞋底由一种新型泡沫制成，提供了前所未有的弹性和弹性的混合，这使每一次跑步者的脚击打返回约80%的能量。）
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