考研英语阅读理解中的文章，很多来自一些外刊杂志方面的题材。接下来，北京文都考研网为扩宽2020考研学子的知识面，整理了考研英语经济学人外刊:你愿意在死后捐献器官吗?供考生参考。
2020考研英语经济学人外刊:你愿意在死后捐献器官吗?
Kidney donors are wanted, dead or alive
世界需要肾脏捐献者，无论是活体捐献者还是已故捐献者
Since there are not enough of either kind, donation needs to be better organised
由于这两种途径都不足，我们需要更好地组织捐献
Melissa Bensouda, of Kansas City, Missouri, was 25 when she was diagnosed with late-stage kidney disease. She had to start dialysis, hooking up three times a week to a machine that filtered her blood. “It wipes you out,” she says. Queasy and fatigued, Ms Bensouda struggled to care for her children and to keep working full time.
密苏里州堪萨斯城的梅丽莎·本苏达在25岁时被诊断出患有晚期肾病。她不得不开始每周三次的透析(将她连接到一台过滤血液的机器上)。她说:“它会把你身体掏空。”本苏达感到恶心和疲惫，她努力地照顾着她的孩子并继续做着全职工作。
To secure a place on the waiting list for a kidney transplant, she had to tackle other health problems first. It took a year and cost $10,000 to treat dental problems, to which people with kidney disease are prone.
为了能在肾移植等候名单中排上号，她必须先解决自身其他健康问题。她花了一年时间和1万美元治好了牙齿问题(这是肾病患者常见的并发症)。
In 2012, after nearly ten years on dialysis, Ms Bensouda was given a transplant. The new kidney lasted only five years. So she is back on the waiting list—along with 95,000 other Americans.
2012年，在经历了近10年的透析治疗后，本苏达终于接受了肾移植手术。然而，新的肾脏仅维持了5年的时间，她就又和其他9.5万名美国人一起回到了肾移植等候名单中。
In a typical year just one in five of them would get a transplant. One in ten would die or become too sick and drop off the list. Europe struggles, too. In the European Union in 2013 more than 4,000 patients died while on a kidney waiting list.
在通常的一年里，只有五分之一的人能接受肾移植手术。十分之一的人会死去或病入膏肓，从而被排出名单外。欧洲的情况同样严峻。2013年，欧盟有4000多名患者在等待肾源的过程中死去。
And waiting lists are often just the tip of an iceberg. Many patients in Europe, for example, suspect that doctors prefer to keep them on dialysis—which is a big, lucrative business—rather than to get them fit for a transplant. In America many people who need a transplant never join the list because they cannot pay for the drugs they need to take afterwards.
而肾移植等候名单往往也只是肾病患者的冰山一角。例如，在欧洲，许多患者怀疑医生更希望他们继续做透析(这是一个有利可图的大生意)，而不是让他们在合适之时做肾移植手术。在美国，许多需要接受肾移植的人却从未加入到名单中，因为他们根本负担不起手术后所需服用药物的费用。
Some people’s kidneys fail because of a genetic disease or an injury. But the main reason is diabetes. This is caused predominantly by obesity, which is rampant in more and more countries. So kidney waiting lists will become even longer.
有些人患肾衰竭是因遗传性疾病或受伤所致。但大部分人是由糖尿病所致。而糖尿病主要是由肥胖引起的，如今肥胖在越来越多的国家肆虐。因此，肾移植等候名单也将变得更长。
Shortening them will save more than personal misery. In Britain a kidney transplant, which lasts for 10 to 13 years on average, starts saving the National Health Service (NHS) money compared with the cost of dialysis in the third year.
缩短肾移植的等候周期将不只减少患者的痛苦。在英国，一台肾移植手术相当于做两年透析的费用，而肾移植手术平均能给病人带来10至13年的健康，因此做了肾移植手术的病人从手术后的第三年开始就能为国民健康服务(NHS)省钱了。
In America a transplant saves $60,000 per year compared with remaining on dialysis. (In poor countries few people can afford dialysis, and so cannot wait for a deceased donor, meaning no waiting lists.)
在美国，相较于持续做透析，做了肾移植手术地患者每年可省下6万美元。(在贫穷国家，很少有人能负担得起做透析的费用，所以根本没机会等待已故的器官捐献者，也意味着这些国家根本不存在等候名单一说。)
Roughly two-thirds of kidney transplants in rich countries are from deceased donors. The rest are from living donors who part with a kidney to help someone. One kidney can perfectly well manage the job of the two that most people are born with.
在发达国家，大约有三分之二的肾移植来自已故的捐献者。其余的则是来自于活体捐献者，他们捐出一个肾去帮助某人。一个肾就能很好地完成两个肾的功能，大部分人生来就有两个肾。
Historically, northern European countries have promoted kidney donations from living donors. Southern Europeans have had reservations about the unnecessary surgery involved. Instead they have sought ways to increase donations from the dead. In Spain just 15% of families refuse to donate the organs of relatives who die; in Britain a third say no.
从历史来看，北欧国家促进了活体捐献者的肾脏捐赠。而南欧国家对这项不必要的手术持保守态度。相反，他们设法让更多的亡者捐献器官。在西班牙，只有15%的家庭拒绝捐献已故亲属的器官;在英国，有三分之一的人表示拒绝。
Some are unsure what the deceased person wanted; others think that doctors might not do all they can to save their loved one if they can take the organs. Cultural differences play a role, too. Most Japanese, for example, feel uneasy about the idea of taking organs out of a dead body.
有些人是因为不确定死者是怎么想的;另一些人则认为，如果让医生能够摘取器官，那么医生们可能就不会尽全力去救治他们所爱的人了。文化差异则是另一个原因。例如，大部分日本人对于从尸体中取出器官的想法感到不适。
[重难点词汇]
dialysis [daɪ'æləsɪs] n. 透析;渗析
queasy ['kwizi] adj. 呕吐的;不稳定的;催吐的
fatigued [fə'tiɡd] adj. 疲乏的; 疲惫的;精疲力竭的
struggle ['strʌɡl] vi. 奋斗，努力;挣扎 n. 努力，奋斗;竞争 vt. 使劲移动;尽力使得
transplant [træns'plænt] vt. 移植;迁移;使移居 n. 移植;移植器官;被移植物;移居者 vi. 移植;迁移;移居
lucrative ['lukrətɪv] adj. 有利可图的，赚钱的;合算的
predominantly [prɪ'dɑmɪnəntli] adv. 主要地;显著地
surgery ['sɝdʒəri] n. 外科;外科手术;手术室;诊疗室
以上是北京文都考研网给出的“2020考研英语经济学人外刊:你愿意在死后捐献器官吗?”，希望对备考2020考研英语的考生有所帮助!祝2020考研顺利!
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