2020考研英语同源外刊，是为帮助2020考研学子能够更好的提升英语水平，而整理的精选文章。以下是北京文都考研网给出的“2020考研英语同源外刊:气候变化正对健康产生巨大影响”，供考生参考。
2020考研英语同源外刊:气候变化正对健康产生巨大影响
A devastating heat wave swept across Europe in 2003, killing tens of thousands of people, scientists estimate. Many were elderly, with limited mobility, and some already suffered from chronic diseases. But climate change is making such extreme weather more common—and the effects will not be limited to the old and sick.
科学家评估称，2003年席卷整个欧洲的一场毁灭性的热浪，造成数万人死亡。许多人是行动能力有限的老年人，还有些人则已经患有慢性疾病。但是气候变化使这种极端天气变得更加普遍，而且其影响将不仅仅局限于老人和病人。
Warming temperatures do not only threaten lives directly. They also cause billions of hours of lost labor, enhance conditions for the spread of infectious diseases and reduce crop yields, according to a recent report.
根据最新报道，气候变暖不仅仅直接威胁生命，它们还导致数十亿小时的劳动力流失，增加了传染病扩散的条件，并降低了作物产量。
The report, published last December in the Lancet, represents the latest findings of the Lancet Countdown—a coalition of international research organizations collaborating with the World Health Organization and the World Meteorological Organization. The group tracks the health impacts of—and government responses to—climate change.
去年12月发表在《柳叶刀》上的这份报告展现了“柳叶刀2030倒计时”的最新发现。“柳叶刀2030倒计时”是一个由国际研究组织与世界卫生组织和世界气象组织合作的联盟。该组织跟踪气候变化对人体健康的影响以及政府对气候变化的反应。
“It affects everyone around the world—every single person, every single population. No country is immune,” says Nick Watts, executive director of the Lancet Countdown and one of many co-authors of the report. “We’ve been seeing these impacts for some time now.”
作为“柳叶刀2030倒计时”报告众多共同作者之一的执行主任尼克·瓦茨说：“它影响着全世界的每个人——每一个人，每一个群体。我们已经看到这些影响已经有一段时间了。”
The report found that millions of people worldwide are vulnerable to heat-related disease and death and that populations in Europe and the eastern Mediterranean are especially susceptible—most likely because they have more elderly people living in urban areas.
报告发现，全世界数百万人容易受到与热有关的疾病和死亡的影响，欧洲和地中海东部的人口尤其容易受到影响—这很可能是因为他们有更多的老年人居住在城市地区。
Adults older than 65 are particularly at risk, as are those with chronic illnesses such as heart disease or diabetes. Places where humans tend to live are exposed to an average temperature change that is more than twice the global average—0.8 versus 0.3 degree Celsius.
65岁以上的成年人尤其有危险，患有心脏病或糖尿病等慢性病的人也是如此。人类居住的地方的平均气温变化是全球平均气温的两倍以上-0.8摄氏度对0.3摄氏度。
There were 157 million more “heat wave exposure events” (one heat wave experienced by one person) in 2017 than in 2000. Compared with 1986 to 2005, each person was exposed to, on average, 1.4 more days of heat wave per year from 2000 to 2017.
2017年的“热浪暴露事件”(一人经历一次热浪)比2000年多1.57亿次。与1986至2005年相比，2000年至2017年，每人平均每年遭受1.4天的热浪。
That may not seem like a lot, but as Watts notes, “someone who is 75 and suffers from kidney disease can probably survive three to four days of heat wave but not five or six.”
这似乎不是很多，但正如瓦茨所指出的，“一个75岁并且患有肾脏疾病的人可能经受三到四天的热浪，但不能活到五六天。”
Sweltering temperatures also affect productivity. A staggering 153 billion hours of labor—80 percent of them in agriculture—were lost to excessive heat in 2017, the new report found, with the most vulnerable areas being in India, Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and South America.
酷热的气温也会影响生产力。这份新报告发现，2017年由于高温减少了1530亿小时的劳动力(其中80%在农业领域)，其中最易受影响的地区是印度、东南亚、撒哈拉以南非洲和南美。
The first stage of heat’s impact is discomfort, says report co-author Tord Kjellstrom, director of the Health and Environment International Trust in New Zealand and a consultant on environmental and occupational health. But there comes a point at which it is simply too hot for the body to function.
报告作者之一、新西兰健康与环境国际信托基金会主任、环境与职业健康顾问托德·凯尔斯特罗姆表示，高温带来的第一阶段是不适。但到了某一时长，温度太高，身体将无法正常运转。
For example, sweating heavily without replenishing water can result in chronic kidney disease, Kjellstrom notes. News reports have documented farm workers in Central America dying from kidney problems after years of working in the hot fields.
例如，凯尔斯特罗姆指出，在没有补水的情况下大量出汗会导致慢性肾病。新闻报道记录了中美洲的农场工人在高温的区域工作多年后大多死于肾病。
Richer countries such as the U.S. may avoid the worst effects because of better access to drinking water and, in the case of indoor work, air-conditioning. But these solutions can be expensive, Kjellstrom says.
美国等较为富裕的国家可能会避免最坏的影响，因为它们能更好地获得饮用水，在室内工作时还能使用空调。但是这些解决方案可能很昂贵，凯尔斯特罗姆说。
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