2020考研英语同源外刊，是为帮助2020考研学子能够更好的提升英语水平，而整理的精选文章。以下是北京文都考研网给出的“2020考研英语同源外刊:哪种食物是导致发胖罪魁祸首?”，供考生参考。
2020考研英语同源外刊:哪种食物是导致发胖罪魁祸首?
One fundamental and unanswered question in obesity research is what kind of foods contribute most to the condition. Experts variously blame, for example, fatty or sugary fare or foods that lack protein, which may prompt us, unconsciously, to overeat.
肥胖研究中一个很基础却一直悬而未解的问题是什么样的食物对肥胖的影响最大。对此问题专家们有各种看法，例如，高脂肪、高糖分或缺乏蛋白质的食物可能会无意识的促使我们暴食。
Plenty of anecdotal evidence can be marshaled against any of the culprits, but there has been little long-term, large-scale experimental research on people’s comparative eating habits. It is neither ethical nor practical to have healthy subjects gorge themselves on one diet for years until they are obese.
虽然大量的经验证据可以用来否定那些我们认为会发胖的食物，但是关于人们的饮食习惯，却少有长期的、大规模的试验研究。因为让健康的人群多年只吃一种食物，直到肥胖，这既不道德，也不现实。
It is possible, though, to conduct this sort of experiment on mice. For a diet study published this summer in Cell Metabolism, researchers randomly assigned one of 29 different diets to hundreds of adult male mice. (The scientists hope to include female mice in later experiments.)
然而，在老鼠身上进行这种试验是有可能的。在今年夏天发表在“细胞代谢”杂志上的一项饮食研究中，研究人员将29种不同饮食随机分配给数百只成年雄性小鼠 (科学家希望在以后的试验中包括雌性老鼠) 。
Some diets supplied up to 80 percent of their calories in the form of saturated and unsaturated fats, with few carbohydrates; others included little fat and consisted largely of refined carbohydrates, mostly from grains and corn syrup. Yet other diets were characterized by extremely high or low percentages of protein.
一些饮食以饱和脂肪和不饱和脂肪的形式提供高达80%的卡路里，而碳水化合物很少;另一些则包含少量脂肪，主要由来自谷物和玉米糖浆的精制碳水化合物组成。其他饮食种类的特点是蛋白质含量极高或极低。
The mice stayed on the same diet for three months — estimated to be the equivalent of roughly nine human years — while being allowed to eat and move about their cages at will. The mice were then measured by weight and body composition, and their brain tissue was examined for evidence of altered gene activity.
这些老鼠在三个月的时间里保持着相同的饮食—估计相当于人类的9年左右—同时允许随意地在笼子里吃东西和走动。最后然后测量小鼠的体重和身体成分，并对其脑组织进行检查，以寻找基因活性改变的证据。
Only some of the mice became obese — almost every one of which had been on a high-fat diet. These mice showed signs of changes in the activity of certain genes too, in areas of the brain related to processing rewards; fatty kibble made them happy, apparently.
只有一些老鼠变得肥胖，这些老鼠几乎均来自食用高脂肪组。在大脑中与处理奖励信息相关的区域中，这些老鼠表现出了显著的基因活性，显然，高热量的食物碎片让他们开心。
None of the other diets, including those rich in sugar, led to significant weight gain or changed gene expression in the same way. Male mice on relatively high fat diets became obese. The others did not.
包含糖类食物的其他对照组，都没有表现出明显的增重或相同的基因表述过程。某种程度上说高脂肪组的雄性老鼠更容易肥胖，而其他组的则不会。
“It looks like consuming high-fat diets, if they aren’t extremely high fat, leads to weight gain, if you are a mouse,” says John Speakman, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing and at the University of Aberdeen in Scotland, who oversaw the study.
负责此次研究的北京中科院和苏格兰阿伯丁大学的教授 John Speakman 说到：“如果你是只小老鼠的话，排除掉极高脂肪含量的食物外，只要吃了高脂肪的食物，就会导致体重增加。”
Speakman and his co-authors believe that the fatty meals stimulated and altered parts of the brains, causing the mice to want fatty food so much that they ignored other bodily signals indicating that they had already consumed enough energy.
Speakman 和他的合作者认为，富含脂肪的食物能够刺激并转变大脑的一部分，导致小老鼠们想要更多的脂肪食物，以至于他们忽略了身体向他们发出已经吃饱的信号。
The study was focused on weight gain, not loss, and its subjects were mice, of course, not humans. But the results are suggestive. Sugar did not make the mice fat, and neither did protein deficits. Only fat made them fat.
这项研究的重点是增肥，而不是减肥，当然，其研究对象也不是人类，而是老鼠。但其研究结果具有启发性。糖分不会导致老鼠变胖，蛋白质缺乏也不会。只有脂肪才能让他们变胖。
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