2024考研英语同源外刊1月:吃得太晚真的对身体有害
You may have read that light coming into your eyes sets the body’s clock, technically known as our circadian rhythm. Fewer people know that when you eat, food shifts the clocks in tissues in your liver, muscles, and fat. Human beings evolved to eat only during daylight, which lasted 12 hours much of the year in the African savanna. That meant we didn’t eat for 12 hours a day. Sticking as nearly as possible to that plan may help you stay healthier as well as thinner. It’s a surprisingly bad idea to skip breakfast, eat lunch or dinner late, eat a big bedtime snack, or eat in the middle of the night.
你可能已经看到过这样的说法，进入你眼睛的光线设定了身体的生物钟，理论上称为我们的昼夜节律。很少有人知道，当你吃东西的时候，食物会改变你肝脏、肌肉和脂肪组织的生物钟。人类进化到只在白天进食，而在非洲大草原上，一年中大部分时间白天会持续12个小时。这意味着我们一天有12个小时不吃东西。尽可能地坚持按照这个计划进食，可能会让你更健康、更瘦。不吃早饭、午饭或者晚饭吃得太晚，在睡前大吃一顿零食，或者吃宵夜，都出乎意料地不是什么好事。
词汇
1.circadian rhythm 内部生物钟
2.daylight 英/ ˈdeɪlaɪt /美/ ˈdeɪlaɪt / n.白天，日光；黎明，拂晓；差距，差别
3.savanna 英/ səˈvænə /美/ səˈvænə / n.[生态] 热带草原；热带的稀树大草原
In a study with 776 participants, people who skipped breakfast were 80 percent more likely to have obesity. People who ate lunch after 12:30 (or dinner after 9:00 pm) were 60 percent more likely to have those extra pounds. That was true for both men and women at different ages and regardless of other factors that affect weight including your diet and exercise habits.
在一项有 776 人参与的研究中，不吃早餐的人患肥胖症的几率要高出 80%。在12:30之后吃午餐（或在晚上9:00之后吃晚餐）的人，体重增加的可能性要高出 60%。对不同年龄段的男性和女性来说都是如此，而且与影响体重的其他因素（包括饮食和运动习惯）无关。
词汇
1.obesity 英/ əʊˈbiːsəti /美/ oʊˈbiːsəti / n.过度肥胖，肥胖症
2.affect 英/ əˈfekt /美/ əˈfekt / v.影响；（疾病）侵袭，感染；（在感情上）深深打动，震撼；<正式> 假装，佯 装
Odd hours seem to contribute to compulsive eating. When you eat late at night, you tend to eat more overall. Perhaps driven by hormone surges, we crave sweeter, starchier, saltier food at night, research suggests. In one study, night eaters ate about 300 more calories each day. Three years later, people who didn’t eat near bedtime had gained only 4 pounds, while night-eaters had put on
吃饭时间太奇怪可能会导致强迫性进食。当你在半夜吃东西时，你往往会吃得更多。研究表明，也许是受荷尔蒙激增的驱使，我们在晚上会渴望吃更甜、淀粉含量更高、更咸的食物。在一项研究中，吃夜宵的人每天会多摄入约300卡路里。三年后，临睡前不吃东西的人只胖了4磅，而吃夜宵的人胖了14磅。
词汇
1..hormone 英/ ˈhɔːməʊn /美/ ˈhɔːrmoʊn / n.激素，荷尔蒙；人造激素；性激素（hormones）
2..crave 英/ kreɪv /美/ kreɪv / v.渴望；<旧>恳求，请求
3.starchy 英/ ˈstɑːtʃi /美/ ˈstɑːrtʃi / adj.含淀粉的；浆糊状的；刻板的
Eating late in the day aggravates reflux, writes Jamie A. Koufman, who specializes in voice disorders and acid reflux. “Many of my patients find that eating earlier alleviates their allergies, sinusitis, asthma, sleep apnea and diabetes symptoms,” he says. Give your stomach at least three hours to digest before lying down to sleep, advises Jonathan Aviv, an ear-nose-and-throat specialist in acid reflux.
专门研究嗓音疾病和胃酸倒流的杰米·库夫曼写道：“吃饭吃得晚会加重胃酸倒流。”他说：“我的许多病人发现，早点吃饭能减轻他们的过敏、鼻窦炎、哮喘、睡眠呼吸暂停和糖尿病症状。反酸耳鼻喉科专家乔纳森·阿维夫建议说，在躺下睡觉之前，至少要给胃留出三个小时的消化时间。
词汇
1.reflux 英/ ˈriːflʌks /美/ ˈriːflʌks / n.逆流；退潮
2.alleviate 英/ əˈliːvieɪt /美/ əˈliːvieɪt / v.减轻，缓和
3.sinusitis 英/ ˌsaɪnəˈsaɪtɪs /美/ ˌsaɪnəˈsaɪtɪs / n.[口腔] 窦炎
4.asthma 英/ ˈæsmə /美/ ˈæzmə / n.哮喘，气喘
5.apnea 英/ æpˈnɪə /美/ æpˈnɪə; ˈæpniə / n.[医] 窒息，[临床] 呼吸暂停
6.lying down 躺下；懒散工作
Eating breakfast late may increase your breast cancer risk by about 17 percent for every hour you delay, according to a study of nearly 1,200 women with breast cancer in Spain, compared to more than 1,300 women who didn’t develop breast cancer. If you eat late at night, other research suggests, you may up the chance of breast cancer recurrence. While researchers work out the details of how our body clocks affect appetite, digestion, and their downstream effects, one point is clear: Early is better.
其他研究表明，如果你吃夜宵，乳腺癌复发的几率可能会增加。虽然研究人员正在研究生物钟如何影响食欲、消化及其下游效应的细节，但有一点是明确的:越早越好。
词汇
1.recurrence 英/ rɪˈkʌrəns /美/ rɪˈkɜːrəns / n.重现，复发
2.digestion 英/ daɪˈdʒestʃən; dɪˈdʒestʃən /美/ daɪˈdʒestʃən / n.消化；消化能力；（使用酶或溶剂的）分解，提炼
3.downstream 英/ ˌdaʊnˈstriːm /美/ ˌdaʊnˈstriːm / adv.顺流地；在（或向）下游；在（油、气等生产过程）后阶段地 adj.顺流的；在（或向）下游的；在（油、气等生产过程）后阶段的；引发的
写作句总结原句：
Eating breakfast late may increase your breast cancer risk by about 17 percent for every hour you delay, according to a study of nearly 1,200 women with breast cancer in Spain, compared to more than 1,300 women who didn’t develop breast cancer.
结构：Verb-ing something may/does/is [degree/quantity] [result/effect] by/about X percent for every Y, according to [source], compared to Z.
例句：Using social media excessively may decrease face-to-face interaction by 30 percent for every hour spent online, according to a survey of teenagers in urban areas, compared to those who limit their screen time.
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