2024考研英语同源外刊12月:如何重建公众的信任
As the nation hurtles toward a critical election and the world confronts two wars, the fate of U.S. democracy is complicated by another pressure: the public’s low esteem of the media. Trust in the news is at record lows, especially among conservatives, and local news is at risk of dying out completely.
在国家迎来一场关键的选举，世界面临两场战争的时候，美国民主的命运受到了另一个压力的影响：公众对媒体的低度信任。人们对新闻的信任度达到了历史最低点，尤其是保守派，而地方新闻也濒临灭绝的边缘。
1、hurtle
英 [ˈhɜː(r)t(ə)l]｜美 [ˈhɜrt(ə)l]
v. （向某个方向）飞驰
n. 碰撞；碰撞声
2、complicated[考研]
英 [ˈkɒmplɪˌkeɪtɪd]｜美 [ˈkɑmplɪˌkeɪtəd]
adj. 复杂的；难懂的
3、esteem[考研]
英 [ɪˈstiːm]｜美 [ɪˈstim]
v. 尊重；敬重；认为；把…看作
n. 尊重；敬重；好评
4、conservative[考研]
英 [kənˈsɜː(r)vətɪv]｜美 [kənˈsɜrvətiv]
n. 守旧派；保守主义者；保守的人；守旧的人
adj. 保守的；守旧的；因循守旧的；(式样等) 保守的
Isn’t that the case, repeated in poll after poll and bemoaned by pundits? That sad state hangs over everything, because democracy depends on an agreed-upon set of facts, a free press to discover them and a public square where citizens can find compromise over their differences. But if you look more closely, the reality isn’t so simple — or so dire. There is far more trust in journalism these days than people often contend.
这不就是一次又一次的民意调查和专家们所悲叹的情况吗？这种凄凉的局面笼罩着一切，因为民主依赖于一个共同认可的事实基础，一个能够揭示真相的自由媒体，以及一个能够让公民在分歧中寻求折衷的公共舞台。但是如果你仔细观察，你会发现现实并非如此简单——也并非如此悲观。如今，人们对新闻业的信任远比人们常说的要高。
1、bemoan
英 [bɪˈməʊn]｜美 [bɪˈmoʊn]
v. 哀怨；悲叹
2、pundit
英 ['pʌndɪt]｜美 [ˈpʌndɪt]
n. 专家；评论员
3、compromise[考研]
英 [ˈkɒmprəmaɪz]｜美 [ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz]
n. 妥协；和解；折中；互让
v. 让步；违背（原则）；达不到（标准）
4、contend[考研]
英 [kən'tend]｜美 [kənˈtend]
v. 竞争；认为；争夺
Nevertheless, that exaggerated narrative of media disaster is becoming a problem in itself. It gets in the way of news organizations taking steps to make matters better, and it feeds an anti-press narrative easily exploited by manipulative politicians. If journalism is going to rebuild its business model and its connection to the public, we need to understand more clearly what people think of it and what they need from it.
然而，那种对媒体灾难的夸张描述反而成了问题的根源。它阻碍了新闻机构采取措施来改善局面，而且滋生了一种反媒体的论调，容易被奸诈的政客利用。如果新闻业想要重塑其商业模式和与公众的联系，我们就需要更透彻地了解人们对新闻的想法和需求。
1、narrative[考研]
英 [ˈnærətɪv]｜美 [ˈnerətɪv]
n. 叙述；讲故事；叙事技巧
adj. 叙述的；故事体的；善于叙述的
2、get in the way of
妨碍；碍事，妨碍；阻碍
3、exploit[考研]
英 [ɪkˈsplɔɪt]｜美 [ɪkˈsplɔɪt]
v. 开发；利用；开拓；开采
n. 英勇（或激动人心、引人注目）的行为
4、manipulative
英 [məˈnɪpjʊlətɪv]｜美 [məˈnɪpjəˌleɪtɪv]
adj. 善于操纵的；会控制的；会摆布人的；熟练操作的
Yes, there are signs of crisis. By Gallup’s count, only 34 percent of Americans have even a “fair amount” of trust and confidence that the media reports the news “fully, accurately and fairly.
”没错，危机的征兆是显而易见的。根据盖洛普的统计，只有34%的美国人对媒体报道新闻的“完整性、准确性和公正性”有着“足够”的信任和信心。
1、confidence[考研]
英 [ˈkɒnfɪd(ə)ns]｜美 [ˈkɑnfɪdəns]
n. 信心；信任；自信心；信赖
adj. 骗得信任的
But ask the same question with only a slight variation, and the results look quite different. At the research firm NORC at the University of Chicago, we give people five possible answers to the question — a so-called five-point scale, rather than the four-point scale Gallup uses. By this method, more than half of Americans — 55 percent — trust the press’s accuracy. The Pew Research Center asks the question differently still and finds that 61 percent have “a lot” or “some” trust in the information they get from national news organizations.
但是如果只是稍微改变一下再问同样的问题，结果就会有很大的不同。在芝加哥大学的研究机构NORC，我们给人们提供了五个可能的答案——也就是常说的五点评分法，而不是盖洛普采用的四点评分法。用这种方法，超过半数的美国人（55%）相信媒体的准确性。皮尤研究中心则换了一种方式提出了这个问题，发现有61%的人对他们从国家新闻机构得到的信息有“非常”或“一定”的信任。
1、variation[考研]
英 [ˌveərɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n]｜美 [ˌveriˈeɪʃ(ə)n]
n. 变异；变体；变奏；变种
2、accuracy[考研]
英 [ˈækjʊrəsi]｜美 [ˈækjərəsi]
n. 准确（性）；精确（程度）
As for the assertion that conservatives are more skeptical of the media, that’s not so cut-and-dried, either. When asked their feelings about local news, rather than national, conservatives and liberals look quite similar. In a NORC survey conducted this spring, a third of conservatives (32 percent) said the media does “very or extremely well” — the highest possible rating — covering local issues they care about, and close to half (46 percent) gave the middle grade of “somewhat well.” To any survey researcher, those are positive ratings. And the numbers for liberals were almost identical.
至于保守派对媒体更加怀疑的说法，也不是那么一清二楚的。当被问及他们对地方新闻，而不是全国新闻的感受时，保守派和自由派的态度颇为相似。在今年春天由NORC进行的一项调查中，三分之一的保守派（32%）表示媒体在报道他们关注的地方议题方面表现得“非常好或极好”——这是最高的评价，而近一半的保守派（46%）的给出了中等的评价“还可以”。对于任何一个调查研究者来说，这些都是积极的评价。而自由派的数据几乎相同。
1、assertion[考研]
英 [əˈsɜː(r)ʃ(ə)n]｜美 [əˈsɜrʃ(ə)n]
n. 断言；主张；认定；声称
2、cut-and-dried
adj. 早已准备好的；呆板的；枯燥无味的
“cut-and-dry”的变体
3、identical[考研]
英 [aɪ'entɪk(ə)l]｜美 [aɪˈdentɪk(ə)l]
adj. 完全同样的；相同的；同一的
Conservatives, liberals and moderates also say they want the same things from the news. Fully 80 percent of liberals, 56 percent of conservatives and 64 percent of moderates told NORC they find news stories that report the facts of an issue “extremely or very” helpful.
保守派、自由派和温和派也表示，他们对新闻的期望是一样的。80%的自由派、56%的保守派和64%的温和派告诉NORC，他们认为报道某一问题事实的新闻报道“非常或很”有帮助。
1、moderate[考研]
英 [ˈmɒd(ə)rət]｜美 [ˈmɑdərət]
adj. 适度的；中等的；温和的；不激烈的
n. 持温和观点者（尤指政见）
v. 缓和；使适中；审核评分（查看不同阅卷人所打分数是否公平一致）
Even the critique of what’s wrong with the press isn’t drastically different across ideologies. Most people, regardless of their political leanings, think news stories are more likely to foment conflict than help address it. Most also think the media is far too inclined to pass along conspiracy theories and rumors. Conservatives are more inclined to worry about a polarizing press, and liberals are more concerned about it being a rumormongering one, but the differences aren’t great.
即使是对媒体错误之处的批评，在不同的意识形态之间也没有太大的差异。大多数人，不管他们的政治倾向如何，都认为新闻故事更有可能挑起冲突，而不是帮助解决冲突。大多数人也认为媒体过于倾向于传播阴谋论和谣言。保守派更倾向于担心媒体的两极化，而自由派更关心媒体的造谣，但这些差别并不大。
1、critique[考研]
英 [krɪˈtiːk]｜美 [krɪˈtik]
v. 〈正式〉发表评论
n. 批判
2、ideology[考研]
英 [ˌaɪdiˈɒlədʒi]｜美 [ˌɪdiˈɑlədʒi]
n. 意识形态；思想意识；思想（体系）；观念形态
3、foment
英 [fəʊˈment]｜美 [foʊˈment]
v. 激起
4、incline[考研]
英 ['ɪn.klaɪn]｜美 [ˈɪnˌklaɪn]
n. 倾斜；斜坡；斜度
v. （使）倾向于；点头（尤指以示同意、欢迎等）；（使）倾斜
5、conspiracy[考研]
英 [kən'spɪrəsi]｜美 [kənˈspɪrəsi]
n. 密谋策划；阴谋
6、polarize[考研]
英 [ˈpəʊləraɪz]｜美 [ˈpoʊləˌraɪz]
v. （使）两极化；使（光波等）偏振；使（物体）极化
There is even ample evidence that Americans still share a public square where they can find common facts — at least at the local level. Fifty-two percent told NORC that the sources they rely on for news are local TV news stations, apps, websites or news alerts. An additional 24 percent cited local newspaper content (in print, digital, apps or news alerts). Those findings are reinforced by Pew data, which finds majorities of both conservatives and liberals trusting the accuracy of the information they get from local news outlets (63 percent for Republicans and Republican-leaning respondents, 79 percent for Democrats and leaners).
甚至有充分的证据表明，美国人仍然共享一个公共舞台，他们可以在那里寻找共识的事实——至少在地方层面上是这样。52%的人告诉NORC，他们依赖的新闻来源是地方电视新闻台、应用软件、网站或新闻提醒。另外24%的人提到了地方报纸的内容（印刷版、数字版、应用软件或新闻提醒）。这些发现得到了皮尤数据的支持，皮尤发现保守派和自由派的大多数人都信任他们从地方新闻机构得到的信息的准确性（共和党人和倾向共和党的受访者为63%，民主党人和倾向民主党的受访者为79%）。
1、reinforce[考研]
英 [ˌriːɪnˈfɔː(r)s]｜美 [ˌriɪnˈfɔrs]
v. 加固；加强；充实；使更强烈
n. 加固物
2、outlet[考研]
英 ['aʊt.let]｜美 [ˈaʊtˌlet]
n. 出口；（感情、思想、精力发泄的）出路；表现机会；专营店
Another set of dire assumptions involves millennials and Gen Z. If the news industry is shifting from advertising to subscriptions, doesn’t that spell another crisis for the press? Young people accustomed to getting everything free online, particularly through social platforms, won’t pay for news, will they? Again the data might surprise you. The Media Insight Project (a collaboration involving NORC) found that 60 percent of people younger than 40 already pay for or donate to news in some way.
另一组令人担忧的假设涉及到千禧一代和Z世代。如果新闻行业正在从广告模式转向订阅模式，这难道不是给媒体带来了新的危机吗？年轻人习惯于从网上，尤其是社交平台上免费获取一切，他们不会为新闻付费，对吗？但数据可能会再次让你感到惊讶。媒体洞察项目（一项由NORC参与的合作）发现，40岁以下的人中有60%已经以某种方式为新闻付费或捐赠。
1、millennial[考研]
英 [mɪ'leniəl]｜美 [mɪˈleniəl]
adj. 一千年的；一千年至福的
2、accustom[考研]
英 [ə'kʌstəm]｜美 [əˈkʌstəm]
v. 使习惯
3、donate[考研]
英 [dəʊˈneɪt]｜美 [ˈdoʊˌneɪt]
v. 赠送；献（血）；捐献（器官）
None of this implies that a crisis of trust in the news is an illusion. NORC’s General Social Survey, which measures trust in institutions, finds that the news media and Congress share the lowest levels of confidence of any institutions in the country — below 10 percent report “a great deal” of confidence in either.
这些都不意味着对新闻的信任危机是一种错觉。NORC的一般社会调查衡量了对各种机构的信任程度，结果发现，新闻媒体和国会在全国所有机构中拥有最低的信任水平——不到10%的人对其中任何一方表示“非常”信任。
1、illusion[考研]
英 [ɪˈluːʒ(ə)n]｜美 [ɪˈluʒ(ə)n]
n. 错觉；幻想；错误的观念；幻想的事物
2、institution
英 [ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n]｜美 [ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃ(ə)n]
n. 制度；制定；建立；设立
The point is that we should be wary of generalizations and monolithic assumptions when thinking about how to rebuild the infrastructure for a responsible press and about how that press should operate. There’s a lot we still don’t know. Journalism is in crisis, but until we learn more about the precise nature of the problem, we can’t take the right steps to fix it — and give our democracy the informational foundation it needs to thrive.
关键在于，我们在考虑如何重建有责任感的新闻机构的基础设施，以及这些机构应该如何运作时，应该小心避免一刀切和僵化的假设。我们还有很多不知道的。新闻业正处于危机之中，但在我们弄清问题的精确性质之前，我们无法采取正确的步骤来解决它——也无法为我们的民主提供繁荣发展所需的信息基础。
1、generalization
英 [ˌdʒen(ə)rəlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
美 [ˌdʒen(ə)rəlɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n]
n. 综合；广义；一般化；广义化
2、monolithic
英 [ˌmɒnə'lɪθɪk]｜美 [ˌmɒnəˈliθik]
adj. 庞大的；巨石的；整体(式)的；铁板一块的
3、precise[考研]
英 [prɪ'saɪs]｜美 [prɪˈsaɪs]
adj. 准确的；确切的；精确的；明确的
4、foundation[考研]
英 [faʊn'deɪʃ(ə)n]｜美 [faʊnˈdeɪʃ(ə)n]
n. 基础；地基；基金会；建立
5、thrive[考研]
英 [θraɪv]｜美 [θraɪv]
v. 繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达
1、If …… is going to ……, we need to understand more clearly what people think of it and what they need from it.
释义：如果……将要……，我们需要更清楚地了解人们对此的看法以及他们从中需要什么。
例句：If education is going to improve its quality and its impact on society, we need to understand more clearly what students think of it and what they need from it.
翻译：如果教育想要它的质量和它对社会的影响，我们就需要更清楚地了解学生对它的想法和需求。
阅读自测
According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A. The public’s low esteem of the media is a simple and dire reality.
B. The media reports the news fully, accurately and fairly most of the time.
C. The media is more likely to help address conflict than to foment it.
D. The media is in crisis, but the problem is not as bad as some people think.
参考答案：D
综上是“2024考研英语同源外刊12月:如何重建公众的信任”，希望对备战2024考研考生们有所帮助!让我们乘风破浪，终抵彼岸，考研加油!
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