考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊7月:舌尖现象，供考生参考。
2024考研英语同源外刊7月:舌尖现象
Sometimes you know there's just the right word for something, but your brain can't find it. That frustrating feeling is called the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) state—and for decades psychologists assumed it was caused by a partial recollection of the answer. But new research suggests this experience may be largely an illusion. Being sure you know something doesn't mean you actually do.
有时你知道有一个合适的词可以形容某件事，但你的大脑就是找不到这个词。这种令人沮丧的感觉被称为舌尖现象，心理学家几十年来都一直认为这是由只能回忆起来部分答案导致的。但新的研究表明，这种感觉可能很大程度上是一种错觉。你确信自己知道某些事不代表你真的知道。
In a series of experiments published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, college students attempted to answer 80 general knowledge questions with one-word answers. If they didn't provide a correct answer, they were asked if they felt like the answer was on the tip of their tongue and to provide partial information such as its first letter, its number of syllables, or what it sounded like. The team found that people in a TOT state were more likely to volunteer partial information—doing so five times as often in one experiment.
发表在《实验心理学杂志：常识》上的一系列实验中，大学生们试图用一个词来回答80个常识性问题。如果他们没有给出正确的答案，研究人员会问他们是否觉得答案就在嘴边了，并要求他们提供部分信息，比如答案的首个字母、音节数或发音。研究小组发现，出现舌尖现象的人更有可能主动提供部分信息——同一个实验中，他们出现这种做法的频率是其他人的五倍。
But that information tended to be wrong. Guesses at sounds and syllable counts were no more likely to be right in a TOT state than otherwise. Averaged across several experiments, first-letter guesses were only slightly more likely to match the correct answer (roughly 11 versus 8 percent). Yet participants said they thought their guess was correct 58 percent of the time while in TOT states versus 7 percent otherwise.
但这些信息往往是错误的。在出现舌尖现象时，对声音和音节数的猜测，正确率并不比没有这种感觉的大。几次实验平均来看，首字母猜对正确答案的可能性只比没有这种感觉的稍微大一些(大约11%对8%)。然而，参与者表示，在出现舌尖现象的情况时，他们认为自己的猜测正确率为58%，而没有这种现象时，这一比例为7%。
Previous research has shown that TOT states are not completely illusory—people better recognize correct multiple-choice answers following such states (55 versus 42 percent)—but this work joins burgeoning research indicating that we can't fully trust them. The evidence suggests that instead of partial recollection leading to a TOT state, a reverse process may be taking place: something triggers the feeling, which then motivates people to search their memories and to retrieve partial (and usually incorrect) information.
此前有研究表明，舌尖现象并非完全是一种幻觉——人们在这种状态下能更好地识别正确的选择题的答案(55%对42%)，但是这项研究加入了新兴的研究后表明，我们无法完全相信此前的研究结果。
Cleary relates TOT to a similar state: déjà vu, which is especially common in people with certain neurological disorders such as epilepsy. In both cases, a compelling feeling of familiarity occurs, and we try to make sense of it by telling ourselves we must have seen or learned something before. Confabulation, she says, is more common than we realize.
克利里把舌尖现象与另一种类似的状态进行了对比：似曾相识(法语)，这在患有某些神经系统疾病(如癫痫)的人群中尤其常见。这两种情况下，都会产生一种强烈的熟悉感，我们会试图通过告诉自己以前一定见过或学过这些东西的方式来理解它。她说，虚谈证比我们想的更普遍。
单词：
1. partial
/ˈpɑːʃəl/
adj. 部分的，不完全的; 偏袒的，不公平的; 偏爱的
n. (乐)分音，泛音
2. recollection
/ˌrɛkəˈlɛkʃən/
n. 记忆力，回忆; 回忆起的事物(或景象)，往事
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