考研英语阅读理解中的文章，很多来自一些外刊杂志方面的题材。接下来，北京文都考研网为扩宽2020考研学子的知识面，整理了考研英语经济学人外刊:中美贸易战究竟伤害了谁?供考生参考。
2020考研英语经济学人外刊:中美贸易战究竟伤害了谁?
So far, Donald Trump’s trade war has not derailed the global economy
到目前为止，唐纳德·特朗普发起的贸易战尚未使全球经济脱轨
An escalation would inflict much greater damage
但战争升级将会造成更大的损害
A year after the start of trade skirmishes between America and China, America’s economy—and the world’s—seem to be holding up. Are trade wars, as President Donald Trump believes, not so costly after all?
在中美贸易争端开始的一年后，美国经济(以及世界经济)似乎还扛得住。贸易战的代价难道诚如唐纳德·特朗普总统所认为的那样，并没有那么高昂?
The immediate impact was always going to be hard to spot. Though special tariffs now cover more than half of China’s exports to America, those exports account for less than 2% of American personal consumption and only around 5% of American business investment. Surveys suggest that tariffs are suppressing investment in America, but how much is unclear.
我们往往很难发现直接的影响。虽然目前中国对美国出口的半数以上的商品都被加征了特殊关税，但这些出口商品仅占美国个人消费的不到2%以及商业投资的5%左右。调查显示，关税正在抑制美国的境内投资，但具体影响有多大目前还不清楚。
As with all taxes, much of the effect is to shuffle costs and resources around. Taxing imports hurts companies and consumers by making their foreign purchases more expensive, and as domestic producers respond to weaker foreign competition by raising prices.
与所有税收一样，关税主要是对成本和资源的重新洗牌。对进口商品征税将损害企业和消费者的利益，因为消费者需要花更多的钱去购买进口商品了，而由于缺乏竞争，国内的生产商也会相应地提高价格。
Exporters may lose out from retaliatory tariffs. But there are also winners, including domestic companies shielded from foreign competition and thus able to enjoy fatter profits—and the US Treasury, which gains new revenues.
出口商则可能因报复性关税而蒙受损失。但加征关税也会产生赢家，其中包括因不受外国竞争的影响而获得更加丰厚利润的美国国内企业以及赚得新税收的美国财政部。
A recent study by Pablo Fajgelbaum of the University of California, Los Angeles, Pinelopi Goldberg of the World Bank, Patrick Kennedy of the University of California, Berkeley and Amit Khandelwal of Columbia University totted up all such effects for the tariffs imposed by the Trump administration in 2018.
加州大学洛杉矶分校的帕布罗·法吉尔鲍姆、世界银行的皮涅洛比·戈德堡、加州大学伯克利分校的帕特里克·肯尼迪和哥伦比亚大学的阿米特·坎德尔瓦尔最近的一项研究总结了特朗普政府2018年征收关税所造成的这些影响。
The bulk of these fell on imports from China. They found that the welfare losses to producers and consumers from higher prices came to 0.4% of GDP, but when the gains to others were included, the economy-wide net cost was just 0.04% of GDP.
其中大部分关税来自从中国进口的商品。他们发现，物价的上涨给生产者和消费者带来的损失占GDP的0.4%，但如果把加征关税给其他人(美国国内的一些公司以及财政部)带来的收益计算在内，加征关税给美国整个经济体带来的净价值仅为GDP的0.04%。
However, the tariffs have clearly caused disruption and higher prices for American importers, while Chinese exporters and their suppliers have lost business. The value of affected imports crashed just after they came into effect.
然而，关税显然给美国进口商带来了扰乱和价格的上涨，而中国出口商及其供应商则丢了生意。在加征关税生效后不久，受影响的商品的进口额就暴跌了。
According to numbers crunched by economists at the Institute of International Finance, an industry group, China lost market share for those products hit by tariffs of 25% last July.
据国际金融协会(一个行业组织)的经济学家分析的数据显示，去年7月被征收25%关税的中国商品失去了其在美国的市场份额。
Lower underlying prices (that is, excluding tariffs) might have helped. But where trade has continued, American firms seem to have gone on paying full whack, in addition to the new levies. Their Chinese suppliers’ margins have been spared.
降低基础价格(即不含关税的价格)可能有助于夺回市场。但中美贸易仍在继续，除了关税外，美国公司似乎仍在花大价钱(进口中国商品)。其中国供应商的利润并没有受到影响。
Importers may not have had time to renegotiate contracts, or they may have expected the tariffs to be temporary. (They may also have stockpiled imports before an increase in the tariff rate, from 10% to 25%, that was once planned for January.)
进口商可能没有时间重新谈判合同，或者他们可能认为美国政府只是暂时加征关税。(他们也可能在关税从10%提升至25%之前就囤积了大量的进口商品，美国早在今年1月就提出了加征关税的计划。)
In time contracts could adjust, or American firms could find alternative suppliers, further mitigating the economic fallout.
随着时间的推移，美国公司可能会调整合同或再找其他的供应商，从而减少其经济损失。
[重难点词汇]
derail [dɪ'rel] vt. 使出轨 vi. 出轨 n. 脱轨
escalation [,ɛskə'leʃən] n. 增加;扩大;逐步上升
skirmish ['skɝmɪʃ] n. 小冲突，小规模战斗;小争论 vi. 进行小规模战斗;发生小争论
suppress [sə'prɛs] vt. 抑制;镇压;废止
shuffle ['ʃʌfl] v. 坐立不安;洗牌;调动;搪塞 n. 洗牌;拖着脚走;曳步舞;改组
retaliatory [ri'tæliətəri] adj. 报复的
crunch [krʌntʃ] n. 咬碎，咬碎声;扎扎地踏 vt./vi. 压碎;嘎扎嘎扎的咬嚼;扎扎地踏过
whack [wæk] vt. 重打;猛击;击败;削减 n. 重击;尝试;份儿;机会 vi. 重击
stockpile ['stɑkpaɪl] n. 库存;积蓄 vt. 贮存;储蓄 vi. 积累;储备物资
mitigate ['mɪtɪɡet] vt. 使缓和，使减轻 vi. 减轻，缓和下来
fallout ['fɔlaʊt] n. 辐射微尘，放射性尘降;后果，副作用，余波;空气悬浮物，浮尘
以上是北京文都考研网给出的“2020考研英语经济学人外刊:中美贸易战究竟伤害了谁?”，希望对备考2020考研英语的考生有所帮助!祝2020考研顺利!
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