考研英语阅读理解中的文章，很多来自一些外刊杂志方面的题材。接下来，北京文都考研网为扩宽2020考研学子的知识面，整理了考研英语经济学人外刊:无处不在的女性歧视，供考生参考。
2020考研英语经济学人外刊:无处不在的女性歧视
The subtle ways that discrimination works
更为隐蔽的性别歧视
In the workplace, it’s still a man’s world
职场仍然是一个男性的世界
Pregnant women have limited mobility. That is obvious to anyone who has had a baby, but didn’t occur to the founders of Google when they designed their car park.
孕妇行动有所不便。对于任何怀过孩子的人来说，这都是显而易见的事情，但谷歌创始人在设计他们的停车场时却没有考虑这一点。
When Sheryl Sandberg, then head of online sales, became pregnant in 2004, she made a simple request: parking spaces for expectant women as close to the building entrance as possible.
2004年，时任谷歌线上销售主管的谢丽尔·桑德伯格怀孕了，她提出了一个简单的要求：在尽可能靠近大楼入口之处设立孕妇停车位。
That is just one example of how many aspects of the workplace lack the female perspective. In her brilliant book “Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias In A World Designed For Men”, Caroline Criado Perez shows how widespread these subtle biases can be.
这只是职场中缺乏女性视角的诸多例子中的一个。卡洛琳•克里亚多•佩雷斯在其杰出的著作《隐形女性:在为男性设计的世界中揭露数据偏见》中为我们展示了这些细微的偏见可能是多么广泛的存在。
It starts at the recruitment stage. Women are put off from applying for jobs that use words in their adverts such as “aggressive” or “ambitious”. When one company changed its ad to focus on qualities such as enthusiasm and innovation, and used a photo of a woman rather than a man, the proportion of female applicants rose from 5% to 40%.
偏见始于招聘阶段。在招聘广告中使用“争强好胜”或“雄心勃勃”等字眼的工作往往会把女性拒之门外。而公司一旦把广告改为关注热情和创新等品质，并且将广告中的男性照片换为女性照片时，女性求职者的比例便从5%增长到了40%。
Once you have a job, you must get to the office. Because they often care for children or elderly relatives, women are likelier to make multiple journeys.
一旦找到了工作，你就必须得去办公室。由于女性常常要照顾孩子或年迈的亲属，因而她们可能每天要在路上跑许多趟。
Those who use public transport often need radial routes whereas most systems favour commuters heading from the suburb to the centre of town. This means female journeys can be much longer than male ones, making it difficult for them to get to work on time.
而大多数交通系统往往倾向于让通勤者往返于郊区和市中心，因而那些乘坐公共交通工具的女性往往要绕远路。这意味着女性的上班路程可能比男性更长，这使得她们很难按时上班。
Women experience more work-related stress than men, according to research by Britain’s Health and Safety Executive, and face a particular problem with long working hours. But a study found that unencumbered people of both sexes (those with few or no caring responsibilities) could cope equally well with a 48-hour week.
根据英国健康与安全执行委员会的一项研究表明，女性承受着比男性更大的工作压力，并且工作时间过长还会给她们带来一个特殊的问题。但一项研究发现，没有负担的男性和女性(那些很少承担或不承担照顾责任的人)都能很好地应对每周48小时的工作。
The stress occurred because women struggled to combine their caring responsibilities with work, a problem faced by a smaller number of men.
女性之所以会产生压力是因为她们很难同时兼顾照顾(老人和孩子)责任和工作，而只有少数男性才会面临这个问题。
Those responsibilities may also mean that women find it more difficult to take part in after-work bonding activities like dinners, Ms Criado Perez argues.
克里亚多·佩雷斯认为，这些责任的存在可能还意味着女性很难参加下班后的诸如聚餐之类的团建活动。
Many companies allow workers to put the cost of food and drink at such events on expenses, but not the cost of a babysitter. That is a problem for single parents, and women comprise 80% of that category in America and 90% in Britain.
许多公司愿意承担员工在此类活动中的食物和饮料的费用，但却不会承担员工请保姆的费用。这对于单亲父母来说是个问题，而在美国和英国，单亲妈妈的比例分别为80%和90%。
When their performance is reviewed, Ms Criado Perez argues that women are criticised for being bossy, abrasive or strident, whereas men are encouraged to be more aggressive. But if women are warm and friendly, they get criticised for being insufficiently professional.
克里亚多·佩雷斯表示，当评价员工们的表现时，女性会因专横、粗鲁或强硬而受到批评，而男性则会被鼓励为更具进取心。但如果女性表现得热情友好，她们又会因不够专业而受到批评。
Women’s physical health, too, may be affected by male-dominated design. Their bodies absorb chemicals more quickly than men’s do. The long-term effects of inhaled particles on (mostly male) miners have been studied extensively; those of cleaning products on (mostly female) cleaners have not.
男性主导的设计还可能会对女性的身体健康产生影响。女性的身体比男性更容易吸收化学物质。吸入颗粒物对矿工(矿工主要为男性)的长期影响已经得到了广泛的研究;而清洁产品对清洁工(清洁工主要为女性)的影响却几乎没人研究。
In construction and engineering, tools and safety jackets are designed for male hands and bodies, not female ones. Bulletproof and stabproof jackets are also designed for men and thus do not fit women comfortably; a British police officer removed her jacket so she could use a hydraulic ram to enter a flat, only to be stabbed and killed.
在建筑和工程领域，工具和安全夹克都是按照男性而非女性的手掌和身体来设计的。防弹夹克和防刺夹克也都是为男性设计的，因此根本不适合女性穿着;英国一名女警为了方便使用液压钻去破开一间公寓而脱掉了她的防刺服，最终被刺身亡。
Many men do not realise there is a problem. Those who believe they are objective when recruiting are nevertheless more likely to hire another man than a woman with identical qualifications, as a paper from 2007 showed.
许多男性根本没有意识到问题的存在。但正如2007年的一篇论文所述，那些自认为客观公平的面试官更有可能会录用一名男性，而非一名资历相同的女性。
[重难点词汇]
subtle ['sʌtl] adj. 微妙的;精细的;敏感的;狡猾的;稀薄的
discrimination [dɪ,skrɪmɪ'neʃən] n. 歧视;区别，辨别;识别力
mobility [mo'bɪləti] n. 移动性;机动性;[电子] 迁移率
perspective [pɚ'spɛktɪv] n. 观点;远景;透视图 adj. 透视的
invisible [ɪn'vɪzəbl] adj. 无形的，看不见的;无形的;不显眼的，暗藏的
innovation [,ɪnə'veʃən] n. 创新，革新;新方法
commuter [kə'mjʊtɚ] n. 通勤者，经常乘公共车辆往返者;[交] 月季票乘客
unencumbered [,ʌnɪn'kʌmbɚd] adj. 没有阻碍的;没有负担的;不受妨碍的
criticise ['krɪtɪ,saɪz] vt./vi. 批评;吹毛求疵;非难
abrasive [ə'bresɪv] adj. 粗糙的;有研磨作用的;伤人感情的 n. 研磨料
strident ['straɪdnt] adj. 刺耳的;尖锐的;吱吱尖叫的;轧轧作响的
particle ['pɑrtɪkl] n. 颗粒;[物] 质点;极小量;小品词
以上是北京文都考研网给出的“2020考研英语经济学人外刊:无处不在的女性歧视”，希望对备考2020考研英语的考生有所帮助!祝2020考研顺利!
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