考研英语阅读理解中的文章，很多来自一些外刊杂志方面的题材。接下来，北京文都考研网为扩宽2020考研学子的知识面，整理了考研英语经济学人外刊:美国将伊朗定义为恐怖组织，供考生参考。
2020考研英语经济学人外刊:美国将伊朗定义为恐怖组织
America and Iran call each other sponsors of terror
美国和伊朗互称对方为恐怖主义的支持者
Donald Trump’s decision to brand Iran’s Revolutionary Guards terrorists could help them
唐纳德·特朗普将伊朗革命卫队定义为恐怖分子的决定可能会有助于他们
A few years before he became president, Donald Trump’s family probably did business with associates of Iran’s ideological armed force, the Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). An article published in the New Yorker in 2017 says a tower bearing the Trump name in the Azerbaijani capital, Baku, was built by a company with links to the Guards.
在唐纳德·特朗普当选美国总统前的几年间，他的家族可能还和伊朗的意识形态武装力量(即伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队，IRGC)做过生意。2017年发表在《纽约客》上的一篇文章写道，在阿塞拜疆的首都巴库，一座以特朗普名字命名的塔楼就是由一家与伊朗革命卫队有关的公司建造的。
But on April 8th his administration blacklisted the force. Officials hailed the move as the first time America had branded a national army a terrorist outfit. “If you are doing business with the IRGC, you will be bankrolling terrorism,” Mr Trump said.
但在今年4月8日，特朗普政府将这支部队列入了黑名单。官员们欢呼道，这是美国首次将一只国家军队定义为恐怖组织。特朗普表示：“谁和伊朗革命卫队做生意，谁就是在资助恐怖主义。”
The IRGC is Iran’s most powerful institution. It can field 180,000 troops, has the country’s best weapons and has bullied its way into vast swathes of the economy. It answers directly to the supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, not the president, Hassan Rouhani.
伊朗革命卫队是伊朗最强大的机构。它共有18万名士兵，拥有伊朗最好的武器，同时它还将手臂伸入了广袤的经济领域。伊朗革命卫队直接听命于伊朗最高领袖阿亚图拉·阿里·哈梅内伊，而不是总统哈桑·鲁哈尼。
Within hours of America’s designation the Guards duly declared that America’s central command, which has 200,000 personnel in the Middle East and Central Asia, was a terrorist organisation.
就在美国将其定义为恐怖组织后的几个小时内，伊朗革命卫队正式宣布，美国中央司令部(该指挥部在中东和中亚地区拥有20万名士兵)是一个恐怖组织。
America first branded Iran a sponsor of terror in 1984. It then designated the Quds Force (the IRGC’s unconventional-warfare arm that operates across the Middle East) a terrorist organisation in 2007. But a few years later America’s armed forces and the Quds Force became unofficial allies fighting against the jihadists of Islamic State.
1984年，美国首次将伊朗列为恐怖主义的支持者。2007年，美国又把圣城军(伊朗革命卫队在中东地区的非常规作战部队)定义为恐怖组织。但几年后，美国军队和圣城军又成为了打击伊斯兰国圣战分子的非官方盟友。
Despite the bluster, the latest labelling changes little. Mr Trump had already listed the Guards as a terrorist group in 2017. At the time he also imposed more stringent measures—including secondary sanctions on anyone doing business with it—than those required under this week’s listing.
尽管伊朗进行了抗议，但美国对于伊朗的定义几乎没有变化。2017年，特朗普就已经将伊朗革命卫队定义为恐怖组织了。当时，他还对其采取了比本周这次更为严厉的制裁措施，包括对与之做生意的人实施二级制裁。
The State Department says the new action would prevent any of its members from entering America. But Iranians already faced a visa ban. “As a purely technical matter, it doesn’t mean a lot,” says Danny Glaser, a former official at the Treasury Department who oversaw sanctions enforcement.
美国国务院表示，新的制裁将禁止伊朗革命卫队的任何成员进入美国。但伊朗人本身就已经面临着签证禁令了。负责制裁行动的前财政部官员丹尼·格拉泽表示：“作为一个纯粹的技术问题，它实际上没多大意义。”
The bigger impact will be political, since the measures will deepen Iran’s sense of isolation. That hurts Mr Rouhani more than the Guards. Iran’s oil revenues and currency had already plummeted after Mr Trump last year reimposed sanctions and pulled out of the nuclear deal that Mr Rouhani had negotiated with world powers.
更大的是政治上的意义，因为这些措施将加深伊朗的孤立感。相比于伊朗革命卫队，这对总统鲁哈尼的伤害更大。在特朗普去年重新对伊朗实施制裁并退出了鲁哈尼与世界大国谈判达成的核协议后，伊朗的石油收入大幅下跌，货币也大幅贬值。
Further pressure is expected when waivers America granted to Iran’s largest buyers of oil expire in May, and as America squeezes Iranian banks out of the international payments system.
随着美国对伊朗最大的石油买家的豁免将于今年5月到期、以及美国将伊朗银行踢出了国际支付体系，预计伊朗将会面临更大的压力。
By contrast, sanctions make the IRGC’s smuggling networks lucrative. And politically it is making hay; its media outlets are stoking popular anger against the government’s weakness and allowing the hardliners to promote themselves as an alternative. In trying to hurt the Guards Mr Trump could be helping them, again.
相比之下，制裁使得伊朗革命卫队的走私网络变得有利可图。在政治上，伊朗革命卫队正在趁热打铁;其媒体机构正在利用政府的弱点激发民众的愤怒，并且让强硬派把其宣传为替代政府的一种选择。在试图打击伊朗革命卫队的同时，特朗普可能反而又一次帮到了他们。(注：make hay while the sun shines是美国俗语，其原意是：乘有太阳的时候，赶快晒好干草，为牲口们准备好饲料。而在使用时人们往往会省略掉“while the sun shines”，直接说“make hay”，其含义非常近似于中文的“趁热打铁”或“未雨绸缪”。)
[重难点词汇]
terrorist ['tɛrərɪst] n. 恐怖主义者，恐怖分子
blacklist ['blæklɪst] n. 黑名单 vt. 将…列入黑名单
bankroll ['bæŋkrol] vt. 提供资金;提供财务上的资助 n. 资金;钞票
command [kə'mænd] vi. 命令，指挥;控制 vt. 命令，指挥;控制;远望 n. 指挥，控制;命令;司令部
stringent ['strɪndʒənt] adj. 严格的;严厉的;紧缩的;短缺的
sanction ['sæŋkʃən] n. 制裁，处罚;认可;支持 vt. 制裁，处罚;批准;鼓励
plummet ['plʌmɪt] n. 铅锤，坠子 vi. 垂直落下;(价格、水平等)骤然下跌
smuggle ['smʌgl] vt. 走私;偷运 vi. 走私，私运;偷带
以上是北京文都考研网给出的“2020考研英语经济学人外刊:美国将伊朗定义为恐怖组织”，希望对备考2020考研英语的考生有所帮助!祝2020考研顺利!
推荐阅读：
