2020考研英语同源外刊，是为帮助2020考研学子能够更好的提升英语水平，而整理的精选文章。以下是北京文都考研网给出的“2020考研英语同源外刊:飞蛾凭借翅膀躲避蝙蝠”，供考生参考。
2020考研英语同源外刊:飞蛾凭借翅膀躲避蝙蝠
If you've ever watched a moth flutter clumsily around a light on your porch, the insect might seem like a sad match for a predatory bat. The flying mammal is practically a fighter jet in comparison, with its sophisticated sonar and acrobatic maneuvers.
如果你曾看过一只飞蛾绕着你家门廊灯飞来飞去，那这种昆虫似乎很像食肉蝙蝠的可怜猎物。对比之下，蝙蝠这一飞行哺乳动物简直就是一架拥有复杂声呐和特技动作的战斗机。
But some moth species have evolved high-tech tricks of their own—for example, their wings have long, dangling tails.
但有些种类的飞蛾已经进化出了自己的高科技招数，比如，它们翅膀的尾端很长而且下垂。
"So that they're fluttering in space and they're twisting behind the moth as the moth flies, creating an alternative echoic target that the bat perceives as a target it can actually attack." Juliette Rubin, a sensory ecologist at Boise State University.
“因此，飞蛾在飞行时，它们的翅膀在空中飞舞，而且还在飞蛾身后扭动，创造出蝙蝠认为可以攻击的另一个回声目标。”博伊西州立大学的感觉生态学家朱丽叶·鲁宾说到。
Rubin and her team investigated that phenomenon by experimentally altering the wings of moths. With some moths they snipped the hind wing lobes and tails. With other moths they glued on extra bits of wing.
鲁宾和团队用实验方法改变了飞蛾的翅膀，然后对这一现象进行研究。他们剪断一些飞蛾的后翅叶和尾端。给其他飞蛾粘上额外的少量翅膀。
Then they tethered the differently shaped moths, one at a time, in a padded, darkened chamber...a sort of gladiatorial ring for bats on the hunt...and observed the battle with high speed video and ultrasonic microphones. (bat sonar) (By the way, that echolocating sound has been slowed down ten times so you can hear it.)
然后，他们把不同形状的飞蛾一个一个地拴在一间布满填充物的黑暗房间里，这就像是蝙蝠狩猎的角斗场，随后他们用高速视频和超声波麦克风观察这场战斗。(蝙蝠声呐)(顺便说一下，回声速度放慢了10倍，你可以听到。)
Turns out, it was the moths with longer hind wings or wing tails that lived to fly another day... because the bats often wound up with just a mouthful of tail.
事实证明，那些拥有较长后翅或翅尾的飞蛾能够再活一天，因为蝙蝠通常只能吃满嘴翅尾。
"And of course these tail ends do not have a nutritional value essentially and would not be a wise place for the bat to attack if it really wanted to capture the moth. So it seems these tail ends are attracting bat attack--we don't yet quite know the mechanism but they seem to be creating an illusion for the bat that that is another place it can attack and successfully complete its hunting behavior."
“当然，这些翅尾没有营养价值，而且如果蝙蝠真的想抓住飞蛾，那这里不会成为蝙蝠攻击的好地方。看起来这些翅尾似乎在吸引蝙蝠攻击，我们还不太清楚这种机制，但它们似乎在给蝙蝠制造一种错觉，让蝙蝠认为那里是可以攻击的另一个地方，并成功地完成了它的捕猎行为。”
The details are in the journal Science Advances.
研究具体内容发表在《科学进展》期刊上。
The researchers write that this decoy strategy has independently evolved multiple times, among different families of moths.
研究人员写道，这种诈骗策略已经在不同种类的飞蛾中独立进化了多次。
Which suggests that this sensory illusion is a powerful tool, in the ongoing evolutionary arms race between the hunter and the hunted.
这说明，这种感觉上的错觉是猎人和猎物之间持续进行的军备竞赛中的一种强大工具。
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