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       2020考研英语阅读水平想要提升较快，并不容易!需要2020考研者每天有良好的英语阅读习惯，久而久之慢慢进步!接下来，北京文都考研网为助力学子们备考英语阅读，特意整理了考研英语阅读双语经济学人:如果抗生素不再能杀死细菌，供考生参考。

2020考研英语经济学人:如果抗生素不再能杀死细菌

If antibiotics stop working

如果抗生素不再有效了

Attack of the superbugs: July 2041

2041年7月，超级细菌来袭

How the world belatedly responded to antimicrobial resistance. An imagined scenario from 2041

世界将如何迟缓地应对抗菌素耐药性。想象一下2041年的情景

At the Chan Zuckerberg Hospital in New York, Emma Jones beams a weak smile at her newborn son, cradled in her husband’s arms. Ms Jones is recovering from a severe bacterial infection that she contracted during her Caesarean section.

在纽约的陈-扎克伯格医院，艾玛·琼斯对着丈夫怀里抱着的刚出生的儿子微微一笑。琼斯在剖腹产手术中发生了严重的细菌感染，目前正在康复中。

The infection had begun to shut down her organs; doctors put her in a coma and hooked her up to a breathing machine. “We didn’t think she’d make it,” says Rosa Velasquez, an infectious-disease specialist at the hospital. Ms Jones is lucky.

感染使她的器官开始衰竭，在她陷入昏迷后，医生给她接上了呼吸机。医院的传染病专家罗莎·维拉克斯说：“我们没想到她能活下来的。” 琼斯很幸运。

She is one of a handful of people to have been treated with parvomycin, the first new antibiotic to become available since 2024. The few older antibiotics that are still in use today work only rarely.

她是少数一些接受了帕罗霉素(这是自2024年以来发现的首个新型抗生素)治疗的病人中的一个。目前仍在使用中的几种传统抗生素已经几乎不起作用了。

In 2040 antibiotic-resistant bacteria killed nearly 400,000 people in Europe and America—more than seven times as many as in 2015. In Africa and Asia, drug-resistant tuberculosis alone now kills nearly 2m people a year, ten times more than in the 2010s.

2040年，欧洲和美国有近40万人死于耐抗生素细菌，是2015年的7倍多。在非洲和亚洲，每年仅耐药性结核病就导致了近200万人的死亡，是21世纪10年代的十倍多。

In Western countries the rise in deadly infections has been primarily in hospitals. Back when antibiotics still worked, they were used preventively in almost all operations.

在西方各国，致命感染病例的增加主要发生在医院。回想抗生素仍有效之时，几乎所有的手术都会预防性地使用抗生素。

In 2015 surgical-wound infections occurred in less than 5% of cases for most types of operations in Europe; by 2040 the rate had leapt to nearly 30% for some operations.

2015年，欧洲各类手术的伤口感染率不到5%;到了2040年，部分手术的伤口感染率已经跃升至近30%。

Caesarean sections, which at their peak made up one-third of births in America in 2019, are now carried out only when there is no other option.

2019年，有三分之一的美国孕妇选择剖腹产分娩，现在只有在别无选择的情况下才会选择剖腹产。

Some hospitals no longer perform elective surgeries, such as hip and knee replacements, because so few patients are willing to take the risk of post-operative infection.

对于一些可做可不做的手术(比如髋关节和膝关节置换术)，一些医院也不再做了，因为很少有病人愿意承担术后感染的风险。

But surgeons are busier with amputations, which have nearly doubled in Europe in the past decade. The lack of effective antibiotics means that amputating a limb is sometimes the only way to treat an infected skin ulcer in a diabetic patient.

但做截肢手术的外科医生却越来越忙了，在过去十年间，欧洲的截肢手术几乎翻了一番。缺乏有效的抗生素就意味着截肢或许是治疗糖尿病患者感染性皮肤溃疡的唯一办法。

At the Chan Zuckerberg Hospital, most heartbreaking are the paediatric wards. They are full of children recovering from amputations, many as a result of sepsis. “It often starts with just a scrape, a bug bite or a strep throat,” says Dr Velasquez, “things that take-home antibiotics easily cleared up 20 years ago.”

在陈-扎克伯格医院，让人痛心的是儿科病房。医院里到处都是截肢后正在康复的孩子，其中许多人是因为败血症而截肢的。维拉克斯说：“这些败血症患者一开始往往只是擦伤、虫咬或链球菌性咽喉炎，这在20年前只需抗生素就可以防止感染。”

 

【重难点词汇】

antibiotics [,æntɪbaɪ'ɑtɪks] n. 抗生素;抗生学

belatedly [bi'leitidli] adv. 延迟地;延续地

scenario [sə'nærɪo] n. 方案;情节;剧本;设想

tuberculosis [tʊ'bɝkjə'losɪs] n. 肺结核;结核病

amputation [,æmpjə'teʃən] n. 截肢;切断

paediatric [,pidɪ'ætrɪks] adj. 儿科的;儿科学的

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