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       2020考研英语阅读水平想要提升较快，并不容易!需要2020考研者每天有良好的英语阅读习惯，久而久之慢慢进步!接下来，北京文都考研网为助力学子们备考英语阅读，特意整理了考研英语阅读双语经济学人:上海实行严垃圾分类规定，供考生参考。

2020考研英语阅读双语经济学人:上海实行严垃圾分类规定

“What kind of rubbish are you?” This question might normally provoke anger, but in Shanghai it has elicited weary groans over the past week. On July 1st the city introduced stringent trash-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for the country.

“你是什么垃圾?”这种问题往往会惹人恼怒，但在过去一周的上海，这一问题引发了人们疲倦的呻吟。7月1日，上海出台了严格的垃圾分类规定，或将成为全国垃圾分类的范例。

Residents must divide their waste into four separate categories and toss it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure compliance (and to inquire into the nature of one’s rubbish.) Violators face the prospect of fines and worse.

市民们必须将垃圾分为四类，并将其投入特定的公共垃圾箱。他们必须在指定的时间(即监督员在场的时候)投放垃圾，以确保人们遵守规定(并调查每个人垃圾的种类)。违反规定者将面临罚款甚至更重的惩罚。

Shanghai authorities are responding to an obvious environmental problem. It generates 9m tonnes of garbage a year, more than London’s annual output and rising quickly. But like other cities in China, it lacks a recycling system.

上海当局正在应对突出的环境问题。上海每年产生900万吨垃圾，超过了伦敦的垃圾年产量，并且还在迅速增长。但上海和中国其他城市一样缺乏垃圾回收系统。

Instead, it has relied on trash pickers to sift through the waste, plucking out whatever can be reused. This has limits. As people get wealthier, fewer of them want to do such dirty work. The waste, meanwhile, just keeps piling up. China churns out 80bn pairs of disposable chopsticks a year.

取而代之的是，依靠拾荒者捡拾垃圾，筛捡出所有可以回收利用的垃圾。但这毕竟是有限的。随着人们的生活越来越富裕，愿意干这种脏活累活的人也越来越少了。与此同时，垃圾却越来越多了。中国每年生产800亿双一次性筷子。

The threat of punishment is integral to Shanghai’s drive. On the first day of enforcement the government sent 3,600 city-management officers, a quasi-police force, to 4,216 rubbish-collection points. They began by making an example of wealthy foreigners: the first warning was issued to Swissôtel Grand, a five-star hotel, for improper sorting.

对于上海的垃圾分类运动来说，以惩罚来胁迫是必不可少的。在执行规定的第一天，政府派出了3600名城管人员(一支准警察部队)前往4216个垃圾收集点。他们首先向有钱的外国人下手，以儆效尤：针对瑞士大酒店垃圾分类不当的问题首次提出了警告。

Individuals who fail to recycle could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($29). For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, making it harder for them to obtain bank loans or even buy train tickets.

将可回收垃圾分错类的个人将面临最高200元(约合29美元)的罚款。对于屡次违规者，他们的信用记录将被加上黑点，将很难申请银行贷款，甚至很难购买火车票。

Some object to this. Peng Feng of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences warns that the use of the credit system is overkill, raising a risk that officials will abuse their power. But others say a tough campaign is necessary. “Slowly people will get used to it,” says Li Changjun of Fudan University.

有人对此表示反对。上海社会科学院的彭峰警告称，过度使用信用体系将会增加官员滥用权力的风险。但也有人认为，有必要开展一场艰难的垃圾分类运动了。复旦大学的李长军说：“慢慢地，人们就会习惯垃圾分类了。”

Many residents appear to support the idea of recycling in general but are frustrated by the details. Rubbish must be divided according to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or hazardous, the distinctions among which can be perplexing, though there are apps to help work it out.

市民们普遍支持垃圾回收利用的想法，但在一些细节问题上感到失望。垃圾必须按照厨余垃圾、可回收垃圾、干垃圾、有害垃圾来分类，有些种类的区分让人感到困惑，不过一些APP可以帮助我们解决这个问题。

Some have complained about the rules surrounding food waste. They must put it straight in the requisite public bin, forcing them to tear open plastic bags and toss it by hand.

有些人对厨余垃圾的规定有所抱怨。规定要求垃圾需直接扔进特定的公共垃圾箱里，因此，他们被迫撕开垃圾袋，用手把垃圾丢入垃圾箱中。

Most vexing are the short windows for dumping trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening. Along with the monitors at the bins, this means that people go at around the same time and can keep an eye on what is being thrown out; no one wants to look bad.

最让人烦恼的是短暂的垃圾投放时间段，通常只有早上和晚上的几个小时。随着垃圾监督员出现在垃圾箱旁，这意味着人们几乎是在同一时间丢垃圾，并且扔掉的垃圾将被密切关注;没有人想让自己难堪。

But it is inconvenient. “People have to get to work. We don’t have the time for this,” said Mr Wu as he threw out rubbish outside his apartment building. To your correspondent’s untrained eye, his sorting looked impeccable.

但这确实很不方便。吴先生一边把垃圾扔到公寓楼外的垃圾箱，一边说：“人们得去上班了。我们没有时间来分类垃圾。”在本刊记者未经训练的眼中，他的垃圾分类看上去无可挑剔。

 

【重难点词汇】

usher ['ʌʃɚ] n. 引座员，带位员;接待员 vt. 引导，招待;迎接;开辟

provoke [prə'vok] vt. 驱使;激怒;煽动;惹起

elicit [ɪ'lɪsɪt] vt. 抽出，引出;引起

stringent ['strɪndʒənt] adj. 严格的;严厉的;紧缩的;短缺的

disposable [dɪ'spozəbl] adj. 可任意处理的;可自由使用的;用完即可丢弃的

integral ['ɪntɪɡrəl] adj. 积分的;完整的，整体的;构成整体所必须的 n. 积分;部分;完整

overkill ['ovɚkɪl] n. 过犹不及，过分行为;超量毁伤 v. 过度地杀伤

hazardous ['hæzɚdəs] adj. 有危险的;冒险的;碰运气的

perplexing [pə'pleksɪŋ] adj. 复杂的，令人费解的;令人困惑的

       以上是北京文都考研网给出的“2020考研英语阅读双语经济学人:上海实行严垃圾分类规定”，希望2020考研学子们，每天都能坚持抽出时间看经济学人文章，相信大家越努力，越幸运，加油!

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