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      考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊9月:“钻石喷泉”喷发，供考生参考。

2024考研英语同源外刊9月:“钻石喷泉”喷发

Diamonds form deep in Earth's crust, approximately 93 miles (150 kilometers) down. They are brought up to the surface very quickly in eruptions called kimberlites. These kimberlites travel at between 11 and 83 mph (18 to 133 km/h), and some eruptions may have created Mount Vesuvius-like explosions of gases and dust, said Thomas Gernon, a professor of Earth and climate science at the University of Southampton in England.

钻石形成于地壳深处，大约93英里(150公里)以下。在一种被叫做金伯利岩的喷发中，它们很快就被带到了地表。英国南安普敦大学地球与气候科学教授托马斯·格农说，这些金伯利岩喷发的速度介于每小时11到83英里(18到133公里/小时)之间，一些喷发可能会产生类似维苏威火山的气体和尘埃爆炸。

Researchers noticed that kimberlites occur most often during times when the tectonic plates are rearranging themselves in big ways, Gernon said, such as during the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea. Oddly, though, kimberlites often erupt in the middle of continents, not at the edges of breakups — and this interior crust is thick, tough and hard to disrupt. "The diamonds have been sat at the base of the continents for hundreds of millions or even billions of years," Gernon said. "There must be some stimulus that just drives them suddenly, because these eruptions themselves are really powerful, really explosive."

格农说，研究人员注意到，金伯利岩较常出现在构造板块大规模重组的时候，比如在泛大陆分裂的时候。然而，奇怪的是，金伯利岩经常在大陆的中间喷发，而不是在分裂的边缘——而且这种内部地壳厚、硬、难以破坏。格农说：“这些钻石在大陆底部已经存在了数亿年甚至数十亿年。一定有某种刺激突然驱使它们，因为这些喷发本身威力强大，非常易爆。”

Gernon and his colleagues began by looking for correlations between the ages of kimberlites and the degree of plate fragmentation occurring at those times. They found that over the last 500 million years, there is a pattern where the plates start to pull apart, then 22 million to 30 million years later, kimberlite eruptions peak. (This pattern held over the last 1 billion years as well but with more uncertainty given the difficulties of tracing geologic cycles that far back.)

格农和他的同事们开始寻找金伯利岩的年龄和当时发生的板块分裂程度之间的相关性。他们发现，在过去的5亿年里，板块开始分离，2200万到3000万年后，金伯利岩喷发达到顶峰。(这种模式在过去的10亿年里也一直存在，但考虑到追溯那么久以前的地质周期的困难，因此存在更多的不确定性。)

 

单词：

fountain/ˈfaʊnt(ə)n/ n. 喷泉;户外喷泉;

diamond/ˈdaɪəmənd/ n. 钻石;

erupt/ɪˈrʌpt/ vi. 喷发;爆发，突然发生;

supercontinent/ˈsuːpərkɑːntɪnənt/ n. 超级大陆;

break up 分解，分裂;

deep in 深入，深处;

crust/krʌst/ n. (尤指软物或液体上面、周围的)硬层，硬表面;

approximately/əˈprɑːksɪmətli/ adv. 大约，大概;

eruption/ɪˈrʌpʃ(ə)n/ n. 喷发;

kimberlite/ˈkɪmbərˌlaɪt/ n. 金伯利岩;

      综上是——2024考研英语同源外刊9月:“钻石喷泉”喷发，希望对备战2024考研考生们有所帮助!让我们乘风破浪，终抵彼岸，考研加油!

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