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2024考研英语同源外刊8月:AI面前,女性的工作更危险

More women than men stand to lose their jobs by the end of the decade because of the rise of artificial intelligence and automation, according to a new report by the McKinsey Global Institute. The report, published Wednesday, finds that nearly a third of hours worked in the United States could be automated by 2030.

麦肯锡全球研究所的一份新报告显示，由于人工智能和自动化的兴起，到本十年末，女性失业人数将多于男性。周三发布的这份报告发现，到2030年，美国近三分之一的工作时间可能会被自动化。

Industries that are expected to shrink the most because of automation are food services, customer service and sales, and office support. Women are overrepresented in these sectors — and hold more low-paying jobs than men — so they stand to be more affected, the report finds. Black and Hispanic workers, workers without college degrees, and the youngest and oldest workers also are more likely to have to find new jobs by 2030. the study says.

预计因自动化而收缩较严重的行业是食品、客户服务和销售，以及办公室支持。报告发现，女性在这些行业中的比例过大，而且从事低薪酬工作的人数多于男性，所以她们更有可能受到影响。研究还表示，黑人和拉美裔工作者，没有大学学位的工作者，较年轻的和较年长的工作者到2030年更有可能不得不去找新的工作。

According to the report, by 2030. at least 12 million workers will need to change jobs as the industries in which they work shrink — 25 percent more than the institute predicted in a report published in February 2021. Most of those workers will be at the low end of the pay scale, and they probably will need to acquire new skills before they can transition into new industries.

根据这份报告，到2030年，由于从事的行业萎缩，较少有1200万工作者将需要换工作——比研究所在2021年二月发布的一份报告所预测的数字大25%。这些工人大多数将会是拿着较低薪水的一拨人，在转行进入新行业之前，他们可能将需要掌握一些新的技能。

While new technologies are expected to create new jobs, those jobs may not all be desirable, says Kerry McInerney, a research fellow at the Leverhulme Center for the Future of Intelligence at Cambridge University. Workers who are more likely to be in low-paying jobs with long hours or difficult conditions today could in the future “get pushed into areas like data labeling,” which is the process of adding labels to videos, images or audio that teach machine learning models to recognize what is in them. Those jobs “can be psychologically very harmful,” because of the nature of the material that has to be identified, McInerney says.

剑桥大学莱弗休姆未来智能中心的研究员克里·麦金纳尼表示，虽然新技术有望创造新的就业机会，但这些工作可能并不都是大家想要的工作。麦金纳尼说，因为必须要识别这些材料的性质，这些工作“在心理上可能非常有害”。

The findings align with existing research showing that women will be affected by the waves of workforce automation differently from men. An analysis of Goldman Sachs data published in April by Mark McNeilly, a marketing professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill’s Kenan-Flagler Business School, and Paige Smith, an MBA candidate at the school, found that 8 in 10 female workers in the United States, compared to 6 in 10 men, have jobs that are “highly exposed” to automation, meaning that over a quarter of their tasks can be automated by generative AI.

这个发现与现有的研究结论一致，现有研究表明女性受到的劳动力自动化浪潮的影响不同于男性。北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校凯南-弗拉格勒商学院的市场营销学教授马克·麦克内利和在该校读MBA的佩奇·史密斯今年4月发布的一项高盛数据分析发现，美国女性中每10名工人中就有8名所做的工作极易被自动化，而男性的这一比例为6/10自动化意味着他们的工作中有超过四分之一的任务会被生成式人工智能自动完成。

 

单词：

1. shrink

/ʃrɪŋk/

v. (使)缩小，减少; (通常指布料、衣服等洗后)缩水，皱缩; 退缩，畏缩; 畏避，回避(工作、责任等)

n. 精神病学家，心理学家; 收缩; 畏缩

2. hispanic

/hɪˈspænɪk/

adj.西班牙的

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