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      考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊8月:抗生素耐药新机制，供考生参考。

2024考研英语同源外刊8月:抗生素耐药新机制

From caesarean sections to chemotherapy, antibiotics make much of modern medicine possible by keeping bacterial infections at bay. That is why the growing bacterial resistance to those drugs is so worrying. The United Nations estimates that by 2050 infections with drug-proof bacteria could claim up to 10m lives a year, more than double the current toll.

从剖腹产到化疗，抗生素通过控制细菌感染，使现代医学成为可能。这就是为什么细菌对这些药物日益增长的耐药性如此令人担忧。联合国估计，到2050年，感染耐药细菌每年可能夺走多达1000万人的生命，是目前死亡人数的两倍多。

A problem with tackling such resistance is that scientists have an incomplete sense of how it arises. One way is essentially random: a chance mutation in a particular bacterium may make a certain drug less lethal. If that bacterium survives a dose of treatment, its descendants will inherit that same resistance. But the speed at which bacterial drug resistance spreads means that cannot be the whole story. “I always felt there were additional mechanisms of evolution. And probably more powerful ones,” says John Chen at the National University of Singapore.

对付这种抗药性的一个问题是，科学家对它是如何产生的还没有完全了解。一种方法基本上是随机的：特定细菌中的一个偶然突变可能会降低某种药物的杀伤力。如果这种细菌在一定剂量的治疗中存活下来，它的后代将继承同样的耐药性。但是细菌耐药性传播的速度意味着这并不是故事的全部。新加坡国立大学的约翰·陈说：“我一直觉得还有其他的进化机制。而且可能更强大。”

In a paper in Cell, Dr Chen and his colleagues identify one such mechanism. It centres not on the bacteria themselves, nor the viruses that are known to infect them, but on yet more rudimentary genetic parasites that exploit these viruses in turn. The fact that bacteria can transfer genes horizontally, to other unrelated bugs, as well as vertically to their offspring, is well known. Some are exchanged via small loops of DNA called plasmids. Others are transmitted by bacteriophages, specialised viruses that infect bacteria. When a phage latches on to a bacterium, its DNA forces the bacterium to make more copies of the virus until it bursts.

在《细胞》杂志上的一篇论文中，陈博士和他的同事们发现了一种这样的机制。它的重点不是细菌本身，也不是已知的感染细菌的病毒，而是更基本的遗传寄生虫，这些寄生虫反过来利用这些病毒。众所周知，细菌可以将基因水平地传递给其他不相关的细菌，也可以垂直地转移给它们的后代。有些是通过称为质粒的DNA小环进行交换的。另一些则通过噬菌体传播，这是一种感染细菌的特殊病毒。当噬菌体附着在细菌上时，它的DNA会迫使细菌复制更多的病毒，直到细菌体破裂。

 

单词：

hitchhiker/ˈhɪtʃhaɪkər/ n. 搭便车的旅行者;

promote /prəˈmoʊt/ vt. 促进;推动;

resistance to 对…抵抗;

antibiotic /ˌæntibaɪˈɑːtɪk/ n. 抗生素;抗生学;

caesarean sections 剖腹产手术;

chemotherapy /ˌkiːmoʊˈθerəpi/ n. [临床] 化学疗法;

make much of modern medicine possible 使许多现代医学成为可能;

bacterial infections 细菌感染;

at bay 陷入绝境，陷入困境;

growing /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/ adj. 增长的，增加的;

proof /pruːf/ adj. 防…的，抗…的;

claim /kleɪm/ vt. 夺走，夺去(生命);

toll /toʊl/ n. 伤亡人数;

      综上是“2024考研英语同源外刊8月:抗生素耐药新机制”，希望对备战2024考研考生们有所帮助!让我们乘风破浪，终抵彼岸，考研加油!

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