考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊8月:心理准备，供考生参考。
2024考研英语同源外刊8月:心理准备
Expecting the worst to avoid feeling bad later is known as bracing. People report bracing to help them prepare for emotionally challenging situations, particularly in the moments before these situations occur. People brace for the worst while waiting for a range of potentially negative outcomes, such as exam grades, medical test results, or financial outcomes. Someone might also brace for the worst in anticipation of stressful events, such as giving a presentation at work or having a difficult conversation with a loved one.
提前设想较坏的情况避免之后感到难过的做法称为“心理准备”。人们表示做心理准备可以帮助他们为引发对情绪造成挑战的情况做好准备，尤其是在这些情况发生之前(效果更好)。人们在等待各种潜在消极结果(如考试成绩、医疗检查结果、财务结果)时会做好较坏的打算。有的人可能也会为一些充满压力的事情做较坏的打算，例如工作述职或和爱人开展不愉快的对话。
Some psychological theories suggest that bracing should help. For example, ‘decision affect theory’ proposes that how we feel about a situation is determined partly by comparing what actually happened with what could have happened. Based on this idea, people should be happy when an event exceeds their expectations, and disappointed when an event falls short of their expectations. Therefore, expecting the worst should protect someone from feeling bad in the future, because any outcome will likely surpass expectations.
一些心理学理论认为做好准备有用。例如，“决策影响理论”认为我们如何看待一个情况部分取决于实际发生和可能发生二者之间的比较。基于这种理论，当一个事情的发展超出人们的预期时，人们应该会感到高兴，而事情低于预期时就会沮丧。因此，做较坏的打算可以让人在未来不感到难过，因为任何结果都可能超过预期。
But other psychological theories undermine the idea that bracing will be helpful. It has been theorised – and empirically established – that expectations can powerfully influence reality. (This premise underlies many bestselling books and helps explain the placebo effect.) There are two key ways that expectations can shape reality.
但是其他心理学理论驳斥了做好准备会有帮助的观点。从理论以及实践上来看，预期可以有效地影响现实。(这个前提是很多畅销书的基础，也有助于解释安慰剂效应。)让预期帮助塑造现实的关键方法有两种。
First, people may behave in ways that fit with their expectations. If you expect to fail an upcoming test or interview, then you might not bother to spend much time preparing for it, which in turn reduces your chances of doing well. Second, people may interpret a situation in line with their expectations. Imagine you believe you are insufficiently qualified for a job you’ve applied for. During the job interview, you’re likely to interpret blank expressions from the panel in line with this belief, which could negatively affect your interview performance. In actual fact, the panel likely did not want to give anything away – a conclusion you might have drawn with more positive expectations of the situation. In sum, the influence of expectations on reality suggests that it might be better to hold positive expectations than to brace for the worst.
首先，人们可能会按照他们期待的方式行事。如果你预计即将到来的考试或者面试会失败，那么你可能不太会花太多时间准备，由此反过来导致你成功的可能性降低。其次，人们可能会按照他们的预期解读事情发展的情况。想象一下你认为自己不足以胜任应聘的工作。在面试期间，你就可能按照这种想法解读面试评委小组空白的表情，这样会对你的面试表现造成负面影响。而实际上，面试评委小组可能只是不想透露任何信息——你可能对情况有更积极的预想。总之，预期对现实的影响表明保持积极的预想比做好较坏的打算要更好。
Drawing together the scientific studies, it seems like expecting the worst is an unwise way to prepare for upcoming news or results. Bracing appears to make people feel worse as they wait, with little to no benefit – and, potentially, emotional costs – after they receive what they are waiting for. But awaiting important if uncertain news and preparing for stressful events are inescapable parts of our lives.
综合来看这些科学研究，为未来的新闻或结果做较坏的打算似乎并不是一个明智之举。做好准备似乎会让人们等待的过程更难受，几乎没什么好处——而且可能会造成情感上的代价——在他们得到自己等待的结果后。
单词：
1.in turn 依次，轮流：按照一定的顺序或规律，一个接一个地进行。
2.in line with 与......一致;符合
3. panel
/ˈpænəl/
n. 专家咨询组，专题讨论小组; (门等的)镶板，嵌板; 控制板，仪表盘; (车身的)金属板; (衣服上的)镶条，饰片; 画板; 陪审团;被告
v. 用(木板、金属板等)覆盖，镶
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