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      考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊5月:“骤旱”或成气候新常态，供考生参考。

2024考研英语同源外刊5月:“骤旱”或成气候新常态

Most major droughts have tended to occur over seasonal or yearly time scales, resulting from variability in large-scale climate patterns such as El Niño. But in roughly the last six decades, there has been a transition toward more droughts that form over just a few weeks with little warning in most of the world, researchers report in the April 14 Science.

受厄尔尼诺等大规模气候现象变化的影响，大多数重大干旱往往在经过一个季度甚至一年时间才会发生。但研究人员4月14日在《科学》杂志上发表的研究表示，在过去的大约60年里，世界上大部分地区的干旱模式发生了变化，这些干旱仅仅在几周内就会形成，而且几乎没有任何预警。

Some flash droughts develop into seasonal ones, yet even those that do not can cause significant damage to agriculture and contribute to other extreme weather events such as wildfires and heat waves. In the summer of 2012. a severe flash drought across the United States caused over $30 billion in damages. Many affected areas transformed from normal conditions to extreme drought within a month, and no climate models predicted it.

一些突发性干旱会发展成季节性干旱，但即使那些没有发展成季节性干旱的，也会对农业造成重大损害，并导致例如野火和热浪等其他极端天气。2012年夏天，一场席卷美国的严重干旱造成了超过300亿美元的损失。许多受影响的地区在不到一个月的时间里从正常状况转变为极端干旱，没有任何一个气候模型预测到了这一点。

Previous research has suggested that flash droughts are on the rise in some areas. But it was unclear whether they were replacing slower-onset droughts, meaning the usually slow droughts were coming on faster, or if both fast- and slow-onset droughts were increasing in tandem.

此前有研究表明，某些地区发生突发性干旱的情况正在增加。

As with most droughts, a period of low rainfall is still the main driver of flash droughts. But excessive evapotranspiration — water moving into the atmosphere from soil and plants — plays a key role in these droughts’ emergence by drying out soils quickly, the analysis shows. Flash droughts happen two to three times as often in humid regions such as northwest North America, Europe and southern China as elsewhere, the study found.

与大多数干旱一样，持续一段时间的低降雨量仍然是突发性干旱的主要驱动因素。但是分析显示，过度的蒸散作用——水分从土壤和植物蒸发到大气中——导致土壤迅速变干，在导致出现干旱的过程发挥了关键作用。研究发现，在北美西北部、欧洲和中国南部等潮湿地区，突发性干旱发生的频率是其他地区的两到三倍。

Predicting flash droughts is challenging as current monitoring systems often cannot capture their onset at short enough time scales. “We have to improve these systems,” Yuan says, by exploring the mechanisms behind flash droughts and improving simulations, perhaps with the help of artificial intelligence. Dealing with these droughts isn’t just about having a better tool set, Svoboda says, but also a different mind-set. “It is human nature not to deal with drought until you’re in it. Instead, we advocate that drought be dealt with proactively instead of reactively.”

预测突发性干旱是有挑战性的，因为目前的监测系统通常无法在短时间内捕捉到干旱的发生。“我们必须对系统进行完善，”袁说，方式为探索突发性干旱背后的机制，进行完善模拟，也许还可以借助人工智能的帮助。索博达说，应对这些干旱不仅需要有更好的工具，还需要一种不同的思维方式。他说:“人类的本性是在自己陷入干旱之前不去应对它。相反，我们提倡主动应对干旱，而不是被动应对。”

 

词汇：

1. scale

/skeɪl/

n. 天平，磅秤; 等级，级别; 刻度，标度; 规模，范围; 鳞，鳞片; 水垢; 音阶; 进位制

v. 改变(文字、图片)的尺寸大小; 刮去(鱼鳞); 攀登，翻越;  (成片状)脱落，剥落; (数量，财产) 按一定比例调节; 称得重量为

2.evapotranspiration

/ɪˌvæpəʊˌtrænspəˈreɪʃən/

n.蒸散;土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量

3. soil

/sɔɪl/

n. 泥土，土壤; (可供某物发展的)土壤，温床; 国土，领土; 耕作，务农

v. 弄脏，玷污

4. proactively

/proʊˈæktɪvli/

adv.前摄地;主动地

      综上是——2024考研英语同源外刊5月:“骤旱”或成气候新常态，希望对备战2024考研考生们有所帮助!让我们乘风破浪，终抵彼岸，考研加油!

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