考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊5月:印度人口即将超过中国，供考生参考。
2024考研英语同源外刊5月:印度人口即将超过中国
India is on the cusp of passing C-hina in population, according to the latest U.N. estimates. At 1.428 billion people, I-ndia has already edged past Mainland of China, the data show, and it will soon surpass the Mainland of China and Hong Kong combined. With China’s population declining, the margin between the two countries will only grow as India becomes the most populous country in history. What had long been the world’s largest democracy is now, simply, the world’s largest everything.
根据联合国的新估计，印度人口即将超过中国。数据显示，印度人口为14.28亿，已经超过中国大陆，并将很快超过中国大陆和中国香港之和。随着中国人口减少，印度成为历史上人口较多的国家，两国之间的差距只会不断扩大。长期以来，印度一直是世界上较大的民主国家，现在简单而言，它在世界上各个领域都是较大的国家了(本文中这句话不是很严谨，请大家仔细斟酌)。
The gentle slope of the demographic curve propelling India into first place looks enviable to the many developed nations that are rapidly aging. Indians are living longer, and the number of babies being born each year has barely budged. Unlike China, India faces no steep drop-off and accompanying economic and social dangers. It has a young and expanding work force as China’s grays and contracts. In some of India’s regions, the population is still growing too fast for their economies, producing many more able-bodied young people than there are jobs to occupy them.
将印度推至首位的人口曲线呈平缓上升，这令许多正在迅速老龄化的发达国家羡慕不已。印度人的寿命延长了，而每年出生的婴儿数量几乎没有变化。与中国不同，印度没有出现人口的急剧下降以及随之而来的经济和社会危险。中国的劳动力出现了老龄化和萎缩，而印度却拥有年轻且不断扩大的劳动力。
Having a fast-expanding young work force could be a big opportunity — or a disaster. India is a country primed to work. More than two-thirds of all Indians are between the ages of 15 and 59. The country’s ratio of children and retirees to working-age adults is remarkably low. But this opportunity comes with huge challenges. That “demographic dividend” could instead become something like a disaster. In some recent years, India has squeaked past China to claim the title of fastest-growing major economy. But it has never expanded fast enough to produce sufficient formal employment for everyone. The country needs about nine million new jobs every year just to keep pace; the annual shortfall helps relegate many to India’s old standby, agricultural work.
拥有快速增长的年轻劳动力可能是一个巨大的机会，也可能是一种灾难。印度是一个劳动人口充裕的国家。超过三分之二的印度人年龄在15岁到59岁之间。该国的儿童及退休人员同劳动年龄成年人之间的比例非常低。但这一机遇也伴随着巨大的挑战。这种“人口红利”反而可能变成一场灾难。近几年，印度略微超过中国成为增长较快的主要经济体。但其增长速度从未快到足以为所有人提供足够的正式就业机会。印度每年需要大约900万个新增工作岗位才能跟上人口的增长;每年的岗位不足使得许多人不得不从事印度的传统工作——农业。
Most people in India lack the means to be “unemployed” – in the work force but without a job. Underemployment is the more discreet danger. Wages have been stagnant for eight years, according to an analysis by Jean Drèze, an economist at Delhi University. Economic growth without an equivalent increase in jobs makes India’s massively unequal society even more so, raising the potential for unrest.
大多数印度人不具备“失业”条件(失业是指身为劳动力大军一员，但没有工作)。就业不足是一种更为隐蔽的危险。德里大学经济学家让·德罗兹的分析显示，该国工资水平已经停滞了八年。经济增长而就业岗位却没有相应地增加，这使得印度严重不平等的社会变得更加不平等，增加了动荡的可能性。
Women work outside the home at lower rates in India than almost any other country, a huge roadblock for economic expansion. India has one of the world’s lowest rates of formal employment for women: about one in five. China’s is almost double that rate, higher than the United States’ and the world average. An economy cannot meet its potential when it draws on the contributions of so few women.
在印度，女性外出工作的比例几乎比所有其他国家都低，这是经济扩张的一个巨大障碍。印度是世界上女性正式就业率较低的国家之一：大约是五分之一。中国的女性正式就业率几乎是印度的两倍，大于美国和世界平均水平。如果女性的贡献如此之少，一个经济体就无法发挥其潜力。
词汇:
1.squeak
英/ skwiːk /美/ skwiːk /
v.吱吱叫，嘎吱作响;紧张(或激动)得尖声说;<非正式>勉强通过，侥幸成功;<非正式>告密，告发
n.吱吱声，短促的尖叫声;只言片语;<非正式>机会
2.relegate
英/ ˈrelɪɡeɪt /美/ ˈrelɪɡeɪt /
v.贬低，使降级;<英>把(球队)降级;<正式>托付，交付
3.roadblock
英/ ˈrəʊdblɒk /美/ ˈroʊdblɑːk /
n.路障;障碍物
vi.设置路障
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