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2024考研英语同源外刊4月:混乱人群是怎么自发有序?

It’s long been observed that in a dense crowd with people headed in opposite directions, multiple parallel lanes emerge. In a recent report in the March 3 Science, mathematicians Tim Rogers and Karol Bacik of the University of Bath in England used a mathematical model to describe how such lanes form and evolve and confirmed the predictions with live experiments.

有个现象人们已经观察了很久了，在相向而行的密集的人群中，会出现多条平行的通道。英国巴斯大学的数学家蒂姆·罗杰斯和卡罗尔·贝西克3月3日在《科学》杂志上发表了一份新报告，用数学模型描述了这种通道形成和演变的方式，并通过现场实验验证了他们的假设。

The results show that, assuming the passageway is wide enough, two groups intersecting head on form multiple lanes roughly two body widths across. If the two groups instead intersect at right angles, they will again form lanes, which migrate like the stripes on a barber pole. (Each person stays in a lane but the lane itself moves to the side.) Even if you tell everyone to pass on the right in a misguided attempt to form just two lanes, you will instead get multiple lanes at an oblique angle to the preferred direction of flow. This slows everybody down.

研究结果表明，在通道足够宽的情况下，两拨人迎面走来会形成多个通道，其宽度大约为两人宽。如果这两群人以直角相交，他们将再次形成通道，就像理发店门口的柱子上的条纹一样移动。(每个人都会呆在一条通道上，但通道移向了另一边。)即使你告诉每个人都靠右通过，试图只形成两个通道，但你会发现还是会有多个通道，与起初选定的移动方向构成斜角。这会让每个人都慢下来。

In the new report, Rogers and Bacik describe lane formation as a result of two processes: drift and diffusion. As pedestrians are moving across King’s Cross Station in London, for example, they can drift from their planned route either because collisions push them away from regions with a lot of opposing traffic or because they are attracted to pockets that are more open.

在新报告中，罗杰斯和巴奇克把通道的形成过程描述为两个过程的结果：缓慢移动和扩散。例如，当行人穿过伦敦国王十字车站时，他们可能会偏离计划的路线，这种情况要么因为人群的碰撞把他们推离对向人流量大的区域，要么是因为他们被吸引到更开阔的区域中。

This drift strongly encourages lane formation: As soon as a stripe of northbound pedestrians starts to form, other northbound pedestrians are attracted to it and southbound pedestrians are pushed away. Diffusion, on the other hand, tends to smooth out fluctuations in pedestrian density, so an excess in one direction has to be fairly large to survive. Using a mathematical technique called perturbation analysis, Rogers and Bacik showed that fluctuations on the scale of two body widths dominate the formation of lanes and thus explain their width.

这种缓慢移动极大地促成了通道的形成：一旦一群向北走的行人开始汇聚，其他向北的行人就会被吸引过来，而向南的行人就会被挤出来。罗杰斯和巴奇克用了一种名为扰动分析的数学方法，证明了在两人宽水平上的人员的移动主导了通道的形成，从而解释了为什么这些通道是两人宽。

While Rogers and Bacik’s recent work focused on pattern formation, pedestrian flow can have real and sometimes tragic consequences. Stampedes or crowd crushes have killed people — more than 150 people celebrating Halloween in Seoul in 2022. for example, and hundreds of pilgrims in Saudi Arabia in 2015. Public spaces can be designed to help prevent such tragedies.

尽管罗杰斯和巴奇克近期的研究集中在模式的形成上，但行人的流动可能会产生真实的、有时甚至是悲惨的后果。已经有造成人员死亡的踩踏或拥挤事故——例如，2022年首尔因庆祝万圣节而丧生的150多人，2015年沙特阿拉伯的数百名朝圣者。可以通过设计公共空间的方式防止此类悲剧的发生。

 

词汇：

1. intersect

/ˌɪntəˈsɛkt/

v. 相交，交叉; 横穿，横断; (与……)有交叉特征，(与……)相关联

2. oblique

/əˈbliːk/

adj.斜的;不光明正大的

n.倾斜物

vi.倾斜

3. drift

/drɪft/

v. 飘移，漂流; 任其自然地(或不知不觉地)进入(某种状态); 流浪，漂泊; 缓慢移动; 传出; 吹积

n. 流动，趋势; 吹积物，雪堆; 主旨，大意; 偏航

4. perturbation

/ˌpɜːtəˈbeɪʃən/

n.[数][天] 摄动;不安;扰乱

5. stampede

/stæmˈpiːd/

n. (尤指兽群或人群因恐惧引发的)狂奔，奔逃，蜂拥; 热潮，风尚，风气

v. (使)惊逃，(使)奔逃; 使冲动行事，使仓促行事; 抢占

      综上是“2024考研英语同源外刊4月:混乱人群是怎么自发有序?”，希望对备战2024考研考生们有所帮助!让我们乘风破浪，终抵彼岸，考研加油!

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