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      2020考研英语阅读水平想要提升较快，并不容易!需要2020考研者每天有良好的英语阅读习惯，久而久之慢慢进步!接下来，北京文都考研网为助力学子们备考英语阅读，特意整理了考研英语阅读双语经济学人:熊出没，请注意!供考生参考。

2020考研英语阅读双语经济学人:熊出没，请注意!

In Japan, fewer people means more animals

在日本，人口数量的减少意味着动物数量的增加

Deer, bears and boars are becoming more numerous—and bolder

鹿、熊和野猪的数量越来越多，它们胆子也变得越来越大

For a long time hikers in Japan have considered a bear bell essential. Its tinny ring is said to scare off the huge creatures. Nowadays, however, bear bells are increasingly useful on the way to the shops as well as in the wild.

长久以来，日本的徒步旅行者一直将驱熊铃视为必备之物。据说，驱熊铃所发出的微弱声响能够吓跑这些庞然大物。然而，如今，无论你是在去商店的路上还是在野外，驱熊铃的作用越来越大了。

“The number of animals—whether bears, boars or monkeys—is expanding, and they are going into villages and towns,” says Hiroto Enari of Yamagata University.

山形大学的 Hiroto Enari 说:“动物(无论是熊、野猪还是猴子)的数量正在增加，而且它们正在逼近村庄和城镇。”

Japan is home to many species of wild animals, including both black and brown bears. Estimates of their numbers are wobbly, but since the 2000s the number of bear sightings has been rising. There were close to 13,000 in 2018 alone.

日本境内生活着多种野生动物，其中包括黑熊和棕熊。日本野生动物的数量并不好估算，但自2000年以来，熊出没的次数在逐年增长。仅在2018年，熊出没的次数就达近1.3万次。

The resurgence has its roots in human demography: the shrinking of Japan’s population is especially acute in rural areas, where it is exacerbated by ongoing urbanisation. The dwindling quantity of people, in turn, has emboldened animals.

熊数量回增的根源在于人口结构：日本农村地区人口的缩减尤为严重，而不断推进的城市化进程更是加剧了这一现象。人口数量的不断减少反过来促进了动物数量的增长。

Bears are less inhibited about entering villages in broad daylight if there are few folk around, Mr Enari says. Indeed, the biggest jumps in sightings have been where the population is falling fastest, such as Akita, a prefecture in the north-west of Honshu, Japan’s most populous island.

Enari 表示，如果周围没什么人烟，那么熊就可以在光天化日之下不受限制地溜进村庄。事实上，熊出没次数最多的地方恰恰是那些人口数量下降最快的地方(比如日本人口最为稠密的本州岛西北部的秋田县)。

Hunting is declining in Japan, too. Government data suggest that the average hunter is now 68 years old. The country’s many forests and mountains provide an expansive habitat for wild animals.

在日本，狩猎活动也在减少。据政府数据显示，如今日本猎人的平均年龄达68岁。日本境内大量的森林和山脉为野生动物提供了广阔的栖息地。

Indeed, true wilderness is growing as foresters and farmers die off. Bears become particularly bold in years when acorns are scarce, sneaking into orchards to steal persimmons.

事实上，随着林务工作者和农民的逝去，真正的荒山野岭的面积越来越大。在橡子稀缺的年份，熊就变得特别大胆，它们会偷偷地溜进果园偷柿子吃。

While some welcome the ursine renaissance, others suffer from it. Every year bears injure scores of people, and kill a handful. Deer cause damage to farmland and spur erosion by, for example, gobbling up grass.

虽然有些人对于熊数量的增长表示欢迎，但也有些人深受其害。每年都会发生熊伤人甚至致人死亡的事件。野鹿会对农田造成破坏，并加速土地的侵蚀(例如，野鹿会将草坪吞食)。

Simple solutions, such as changing the layout around villages or putting up fences, are rarely used. Instead, many bears are captured or killed.

人们很少会采取诸如改变村庄周围布局或建造围栏等这类简单易行的解决办法。相反，人们往往采取捕杀的方式，因此有大量的熊被人们捕杀。

In 2013 the government resolved to halve the number of certain types of deer, boars and monkeys by 2023. Japan is struggling to adapt to the “changing power balance between animals and people”, says Mr Enari.

2013年，日本政府决定在2023年之前要将某些种类的鹿、野猪和猴子的数量减半。Enari 表示，日本正在努力适应“动物和人类之间数量的动态平衡”。

 

【重难点词汇】

wobbly ['wɑbli] adj. 不稳定的;摆动的;歪斜的

resurgence [rɪ'sɝdʒəns] n. 复活;再现;再起

exacerbate [ɪɡ'zæsɚbet] vt. 使加剧;使恶化;激怒

erosion [ɪ'roʒən] n. 侵蚀，腐蚀

gobble ['ɡɑbl] vi. 贪食;咯咯叫 vt. 狼吞虎咽 n. 火鸡叫声

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