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2020考研英语外刊阅读精选:印度-请出示你的证件(上)

India’s hunt for “illegal immigrants” is aimed at Muslims, many of them citizens.

印度追捕“非法移民”的目标是穆斯林，其中许多是公民

Amit shah, India’s home minister, calls them“termites” and “infiltrators”. The government will hunt them down and throw them into the sea, he thunders. Unfortunately, it is not just the standard bluster from a nativist politician railing against illegal immigration.

印度内政部长阿米特•沙阿称他们为“白蚁”和“渗透者”。他咆哮着说政府会将其捕捉并扔到海里。不幸的是，这不仅仅是一个本土主义政客对非法移民的标准咆哮。

Last year bureaucrats in the Indian state of Assam, which has a population of about 33m people,produced a list of more than 4m of its residents whom they consider foreigners, without any right to live there. A further 100,000 people were deemed non-citizens in June.

去年，拥有约3300万人口的印度阿萨姆邦的官员列出了一份名单，其中400多万居民被他们视为外国人，没有任何权利居住在那里。6月份又有10万人被认定为非公民。

Mr Shah insists that all these people will be deported. In practice, neighbouring Bangladesh,from which they are said to have migrated, will not accept them, since in most cases there is no evidence that they are anything other than Indians too poor and uneducated to navigate the complex bureaucracy of citizenship.

沙阿坚称所有这些人都将被驱逐出境。实际上，邻国孟加拉国不会接受他们，因为在大多数情况下，没有证据表明他们不是印度人，而是太穷、没受过教育，无法驾驭复杂的公民官僚制度。

But even if the threatened mass deportations never take place, the process of declaring people aliens, and hauling lots of them off to internment camps,is not only a rank injustice, but also a threat to stability.

但是，即使受到威胁的大规模驱逐从来没有发生过，宣布人民为外国人，并把许多人拖到拘留营的过程，不仅是一种严重的不公正，而且对稳定也是一种威胁。

The supposed illegal immigrants are overwhelmingly Muslim. The purge is therefore exacerbating sectarian tension in a state that saw bloody Hindu-Muslim riots as recently as 2012, when some 400,000 people were displaced.

所谓的非法移民绝大多数是穆斯林。因此，这次清洗加剧了这个邦的宗派紧张局势。就在2012年，这个邦还发生了印度教和穆斯林之间的血腥骚乱，当时约有40万人流离失所。

Yet Mr Shah considers the campaign in Assam against illegal immigrants such a success that he wants to replicate it throughout the entire country.

然而，沙阿认为阿萨姆邦打击非法移民的运动是如此成功，以至于他想在整个国家复制这一运动。

Indigenous Assamese have long complained that they are being swamped in their own homeland by migrants from Bengal, the densely populated region to the south (see Asiasection).

长期以来，土著阿萨姆人一直抱怨说，来自南部人口稠密地区孟加拉的移民正把他们淹没在自己的家园中。

In colonial times, there was such an influx, since there were no borders to stop poor Bengalis moving north in search of a better life. Assamese nationalists, pointing to Bengalis’ever higher share of the state’s population, insist the flow of migrants continues to this day,even though the Muslim part of Bengal has become a separate country, Bangladesh.

在殖民时期，由于没有边界来阻止贫穷的孟加拉人向北寻求更好的生活，移民潮就这样涌入。阿萨姆邦的民族主义者指出，孟加拉人在这个邦的人口中所占的比例越来越高。他们坚持认为，尽管孟加拉的穆斯林地区已经成为一个独立的国家——孟加拉国，但移民潮仍在继续。

Muslims make up a third of Assam’s population. The state’s shifting demography is mainly the result of a higher birth rate among Bengalis already in Assam, not migration.

穆斯林占阿萨姆邦人口的三分之一。邦人口结构的变化主要是由于已经在阿萨姆邦的孟加拉人出生率更高，而不是移民。

But that has not stopped the Bharatiya Janata Party (BIP), which dominates both the state and national governments, from vowing to collar lots of illegal immigrants. And since so few of them exist,more had to be invented.

但这并没有阻止控制邦和国家政府的印度人民党发誓要逮捕大量非法移民。而且由于移民本来就不多，所以要创造更多。

The law the government is eagerly enforcing requires all residents to prove that they or their forebears were in the state by March 24th 1971. That is a big hurdle for poor farmers and itinerant workers, especially women, many of them illiterate.

政府正在积极执行的法律要求所有居民在1971年3月24日前证明他们或他们的祖先合法生活在该州。对于贫穷的农民和流动工人来说，这是一个巨大的障碍，尤其是妇女，她们中的许多人是文盲。

Suspects can be denounced asnon-citizens by anonymous tips, an invitation to abuse. There have been lots of mistakes,such as a decorated war hero who was declared not to be Indian. Roughly 60% of those foundnot to be citizens at the 100 “foreigners’ tribunals” the state government is setting up werenot even present for the proceedings.

嫌疑人可能会被匿名举报为非公民，从而招致虐待。会造成很多错误，比如一个被授予勋章的战争英雄被宣布不是印度人。在州政府设立的100个“外国人法庭”中，约有60%的非公民甚至没有出席庭审。

Some 3.7m of the 4mpeople declared illegal immigrantsare challenging their designation. There has been a spate of suicides tied to adverse rulings.

在被宣布为非法移民的400万人中，约有370万人正对他们的身份提出质疑。一系列的自杀事件都与不利判决有关。

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