考研英语阅读理解中的文章，很多来自一些外刊杂志方面的题材。接下来，北京文都考研网为扩宽2020考研学子的知识面，整理了考研英语经济学人外刊:巴基斯坦庸医泛滥，供考生参考。
2020考研英语经济学人外刊:巴基斯坦庸医泛滥
Why Pakistan has so many quacks
巴基斯坦为什么有那么多庸医?
With real doctors in short supply, phoneys abound
真正的医生供不应求，庸医却泛滥猖獗
Mohammad Zahid sat sullenly in the office where minutes earlier he had been doling out advice, pills and injections to a long line of patients. His customers had melted away at the sudden arrival of Saeed Asghar and his police escort.
穆罕默德·扎希德闷闷不乐地坐在办公室里，而就在几分钟前，他还在这里给排成长队的病人提医嘱、开药和打针。赛义德·阿斯哈尔和警察护卫队的突然出现把他的病人都吓跑了。
Dr Asghar, deputy director of the Anti-Quackery Department of the Pakistani province of Punjab, spends his days hunting for people practising medicine without the proper qualifications.
阿斯哈尔是巴基斯坦旁遮普省反庸医部门的副主任，他每天都在寻找没有资质的医药从业人员。
Mr Zahid briefly tried to claim he was a proper doctor, before admitting he was not when his paperwork was checked. In fact, he had been trained only to help a pharmacist dispense medicine.
扎希德曾一度试图狡辩，声称他是一名合格的医生，直到检查他的资质证书时才不得不承认他并不是一名合格的医生。事实上，他只接受过协助药剂师配药的培训。
His set of rooms in the backstreets of Rawalpindi were full of medicines he was not qualified to prescribe and syringes he was not trained to use, said Dr Asghar. “I haven’t been doing this for long,” Mr Zahid said, by way of an excuse. Beneath his desk was a plastic tub stuffed with banknotes.
阿斯哈尔说，他在拉瓦尔品第后街的一间屋子里堆满了他没有资格开的药以及他没有接受过使用培训的注射器。扎希德找借口称：“我并没有做很久。”但在他桌子下面的一个塑料桶里却装满了钞票。
A health-care census earlier this decade found Punjab, Pakistan’s most populous province with 110m inhabitants, had between 70,000 and 80,000 totally unqualified practitioners.
在近十年做的一次卫生保健普查中发现，巴基斯坦人口最多的省份旁遮普省总计有1.1亿人口，却有7-8万名无资质的医药从业人员。
Many more, like Mr Zahid, had a medical qualification of some sort, but were doing work that far exceeded their training. Pharmacists, homeopaths and herbalists often pose as GPs.
(像扎希德这样的)大部分人只取得了某些方面的医师资格，但他们所从事的工作却远远超出他们接受培训的范围。药剂师、顺势疗法医师和草药医生经常以全科医生的身份就诊。
The fraudulent doctors and dentists are not only charging handsomely for ineffective and often dangerous treatment. They are also threatening public health, according to Punjab’s health-care commission, which enforces health-care standards.
负责执行卫生保健标准的旁遮普省卫生保健委员会表示，这些冒牌医生和牙医不仅对无效甚至是危险的治疗收取高昂的费用，还威胁到了公众健康。
Reuse of unsterilised syringes and other implements is spreading blood-borne diseases such as hepatitis C. This scourge is especially alarming because many backstreet clinics specialise in pick-me-up steroid injections for almost any ailment.
重复使用未经消毒的注射器和其他器材正在导致诸如丙肝之类的血液传播疾病的流行。这种灾难的发生尤其令人担忧，因为许多街头诊所专门从事(几乎针对所有疾病的)兴奋类固醇制剂的注射。
Lax prescription of antibiotics is helping to breed bacterial resistance to them. Quacks do not keep records and are not able to spot, much less report, outbreaks of infectious diseases.
对抗生素缺乏管控也导致细菌耐药性的增强。庸医从不做记录，也发现不了传染病的爆发，就更不指望他们(向政府相关部门)报告(传染病的爆发)了。
Yet when Dr Asghar and his team catch charlatans and seal their premises, the crowds that gather to watch are not grateful for their deliverance. “Local people say: ‘He’s our only doctor, please bring us another one before sealing this,’” Dr Asghar says.
然而，当阿斯哈尔和他的团队抓住这些江湖郎中并封锁他们的诊所时，凑过来围观的一群人并不感激他们抓捕庸医的行为。阿斯哈尔说：“当地人说：‘他是我们唯一的医生，请在抓捕他之前给我们再找一位医生’。”
Quacks thrive because public health care is so poor and private health care so poorly regulated. Government spending per person on health is barely three-fifths that of neighbouring India, in part because so much of the budget goes on defence, squeezing out other items.
庸医之所以盛行是因为公共医疗保健如此薄弱，而私营医疗保健又缺乏监管。巴基斯坦政府的人均医疗支出仅为邻国印度的五分之三，一部分原因是因为大量的预算都用在了国防上，从而压榨了其他方面的预算。
As a result, Pakistanis end up paying for two-thirds of their health care themselves. The poor naturally resort to the cheapest option, even if they know the care is substandard.
结果是，巴基斯坦人要自己支付三分之二的医疗费用。穷人自然会选择最便宜的办法，即使他们明知这些并非正规的医疗服务。
The quacks are also canny. Within minutes of a raid, other sham clinics in the same neighbourhood will abruptly shut, having received tip-offs via WhatsApp.
这些庸医也非常狡猾。在突击抓捕行动开始的几分钟后，从WhatsApp上收到通风报信的同一街区的其他假诊所会迅速关了门。
The fake doctors often operate with the connivance of real ones, who lend them authentic credentials in exchange for a share of the profits. Professional bodies rarely take action against members caught doing that sort of thing.
这些庸医通常是在真医生的掩护下行医的，真医生会把他们的证件借给庸医以换取一部分利润。专业医疗机构就算发现有医生这样做也几乎不会对他们采取行动。
The health-care commission acknowledges that unless decent treatment becomes more readily available, the quacks will continue to thrive, no matter how much energy is put into enforcement.
卫生保健委员会承认，除非能让正规治疗更容易获得，否则无论投入多少精力去抓捕，庸医将依旧猖獗。
As Dr Asghar bursts into a clinic lined with vials of veterinary steroids ready to be injected into human patients, it becomes clear his team has visited before. The Anti-Quackery division had sealed the shop next door, but an enterprising fraudster has simply rented the adjacent premises and knocked a hole through the wall.
当阿斯哈尔冲进了一家诊所，诊所里摆满了准备给病人注射的兽药类固醇制剂，他很清楚他的团队曾经来过这。原来反庸医部门已经封锁了隔壁的诊所，但一名胆大妄为之徒租下了隔壁的屋子，并在墙上打了个洞(取出了原来诊所的药品继续行骗)。
[重难点词汇]
quack [kwæk] n. 庸医 vi. 吹嘘;大声闲聊 adj. 骗人的;冒牌医生的
phoney ['foni] n. 骗子;假货 adj. 假的;伪造的
sullenly ['sʌlɪnli] adv. 阴沉地，不高兴地
dispense [dɪ'spɛns] vt. 分配，分发;免除;执行 vi. 免除，豁免
prescribe [prɪ'skraɪb] vi. 规定;开药方 vt. 规定;开处方
syringe [sɪ'rɪndʒ] vt. 注射，冲洗 n. 注射器;洗涤器
sterilize ['stɛrəlaɪz] vt. 消毒，杀菌;使成不毛;使绝育;使不起作用
scourge [skɝdʒ] vt. 鞭打;蹂躏;严斥;痛斥 n. 鞭;灾祸;鞭子;苦难的根源
charlatan ['ʃɑrlətən] n. 吹牛者;江湖医生 adj. 骗人的
canny ['kæni] adj. 精明的，谨慎的;节约的
connivance [kə'naɪv(ə)ns] n. 纵容;默许;假装不见
以上是北京文都考研网给出的“2020考研英语经济学人外刊:巴基斯坦庸医泛滥”，希望对备考2020考研英语的考生有所帮助!祝2020考研顺利!
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