考研英语复习中,离不开要涉及到拾起英语语法知识。那么我们怎样做,才能做到事倍功半呢?这里,小编建议考生紧扣《考研英语大纲》,提炼重点,从基础部分突破。只有目的明确才能让英语备考不偏离方向。下面是为2020考研者,整理了考研英语重点语法知识:动词不定式语法功能,供考生参考。
2020考研英语重点语法知识:动词不定式语法功能
一、不定式作主语
(1)作形式主语的代词:
不定式作主语,通常用it充当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。 如:
It makes sense to take care of your health.
注意身体健康是明智的。
To be frank, it is a great relief to have the task fulfilled in so short a time.
坦白地说,这么短的时间就完成了这项任务是令人宽慰的。
(2)引导逻辑主语的介词:
不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时,不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导:absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate,greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong等。如:
Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.
专家称走路是一个人保持健康的较好方式之一。
(3)不定式作主语补足语:
掌握常用不定式作主语补足语的句型。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间,并采用相应形式。如:said,reported,thought,believed,known,supposed等。
Byron is said to have lived on vinegar and potatoes.
据说拜伦以醋和土豆为主食。
The bank is reported in the local newspaper to have been robbed in broad daylight yesterday.
据当地报纸报道昨天这家银行大白天被抢劫了。
二、不定式作宾语
(1)必须接不定式作宾语的动词:
掌握要求接不定式作宾语的动词:
agree, afford, aim, arrange, appear, ask, attempt, choose, claim, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, hope, endeavor,intend, long, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, pledge, pretend, prepare, promise, proceed, prove, resolve, refuse, request, swear,tend, try, venture, wait, wish等。如:
The firemen managed to extinguish the fire in time.
消防员设法及时把火扑灭。
三、不定式作定语
(1)被修饰的名词或代词和不定式之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,即动词的逻辑宾语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。如:
There will be many difficult problems to deal with.
将会有许多难题需要处理。
As a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.
作为一名警官,我有些紧要的事情要跟善良的人们讲。
(2)有些名词,尤其是抽象名词,要求用动词的不定式作为其定语。
如:tendency to do→tend to do, decision to do→decide to do
This book is an attempt to help you use English.
这本书力图帮你运用英语。
People need to have a willingness to take risks.
人们需要有冒险的意识。
(3)不定式修饰only, first, next, last或带有这些词的词组。如:
The use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty.
利用互联网并不是战胜贫困问题的唯一方法。
He loves work; he is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他喜欢工作,总是第一个来,最后一个走。
(4)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot习惯上用不定式做定语。
如:
Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be improved.
虽然我们进步很大,但需要改进的地方还有很多。
四、不定式作状语
不定式作状语主要表示目的、程度、结果、方式。
以上是北京文都考研网给出的“2020考研英语重点语法知识:动词不定式语法功能”,希望对考生在公共课英语的复习上面有所帮助!祝2020考研顺利!
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