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       考研英语复习中，离不开要涉及到拾起英语语法知识。那么我们怎样做，才能做到事倍功半呢?这里，小编建议考生紧扣《考研英语大纲》，提炼重点，从基础部分突破。只有目的明确才能让英语备考不偏离方向。下面是为2020考研者，整理了考研英语重点语法知识:时态和语气，供考生参考。

2020考研英语重点语法知识:时态和语气

动词的时态=时+态。“时”指动作或状态所发生的时间，分为现在、过去、将来、过去将来四种。“态”指动作进行的状态，分为一般、进行、完成或完成进行四种。

一、时态的变化

1.文中出现时态变化

(2008,text2)第一段首句：It used to be so straightforward.A journal editor would then remove the authors’names and affiliations(关系)from the paper and send it to their peers for review.

第二段首句：No longer.The Internet...is making access to scientific results a reality.

2.题中出现时态变化

(2006,text 2)Stratford cries poor traditionally.Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge.

28.By saying“Stratford cries poor traditionally”(Line 2-3,Paragraph 4),the author implies that________.

[A]Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects

[B]Stratford has long been in financial difficulties

[C]the town is not really short of money

[D]the townsfolk used to be poorly paid

【答案】C

二、虚拟语气

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气常见的表达形式和考查方式如下文。

1.表示与现在事实相反

从句：If主语+过去时

主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do

If I were a bird,I could fly high.

常见变体：if省略，句子倒装

例：Were I a bird,I could hardly fly high.

2.表示与过去事实相反

从句：If主语+had+done

主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done

例：You should have known better than to make such a ridiculous mistake.

你不至于糊涂到这个地步犯这种荒谬的错误啊。

三、语态

动词的语态包括主动语态和被动语态。在主动语态中，主语是动作的执行者或状态的主体;在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系。由于在被动语态中，主语相当于谓语动词的逻辑宾语，所以只有及物动词可以用被动语态，而不及物动词没有被动语态。

被动语态的构成为：系动词+过去分词。如果要说明动作发出者，则由介词by引出，置于动词的过去分词之后。被动语态的时态变化由系动词加以体现。

例：

They will open a new supermarket there soon.→A new supermarket will be opened there soon.

The doctor gave two lectures in English.→Two lectures were given by the doctor in English.

       以上是北京文都考研网给出的“2020考研英语重点语法知识:时态和语气”，希望对考生在公共课英语的复习上面有所帮助!祝2020考研顺利!

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