考研英语外刊阅读能力的提升，需要日积月累才能看得到效果。接下来，北京文都考研网为帮助2020考研学子，在英语水平上更上一层台阶，特意整理出考研英语外刊阅读精选:洗钱，供考生参考。
2020考研英语外刊阅读精选:洗钱
Financial crimes come in all shapes and sizes, from politicians siphoning off state wealth and officials taking bungs to terrorists buying arms and gangs laundering drug profits.
金融犯罪的形式和规模各不相同，从政客们挪用国家财富和官员们贪污腐败到恐怖分子购买武器和团伙洗钱贩毒。
A common element is the use of shell companies, partnerships or foundations to hide the identities of those moving dirty money.
一个常见的因素是利用空壳公司、合伙企业或基金会来隐藏那些转移非法钱财之人的身份。
Such brass-plate entities, whose ownership is typically hard if not impossible to trace,were at the heart of the theft from 1MDB, a Malaysian state fund, and a $230bn money-rinsing scandal at Danske Bank.
这种黄铜牌实体的所有权即便不是不可追踪，也是很难追查的到，它们是马来西亚国家主权基金1MDB盗窃案以及丹斯克银行2300亿美元洗钱丑闻的核心。
They have been dubbed the "getaway cars" of financial crime.
它们被称为金融犯罪的“逃跑车”
NGOs such as Global Witness and Transparency International have long highlighted shells'pernicious role,picking up support from government investigators sick of trails going cold.
非政府组织，如全球见证组织和透明国际，长期以来一直在强调空壳公司的有害作用 得到了那些厌倦追查不到踪迹的政府调查人员的支持。
Their biggest success was to persuade Britain, in 2016, to become the first G20 country to setup a public register of company owners. The rest of the European Union is set to follow once a new money-laundering directive takes effect. That leaves plenty of gaps.
他们最大的成功是在2016年说服英国成为首个建立公司所有人公众登记册的G20国家。一旦新的反洗钱指令生效，欧盟其他国家也将效仿。这留下了很多缺口。
But two of the biggest, Britain's offshore territories and America, are also moving in the direction of ditching secrecy.Earlier this month Britain's three Crown Dependencies—Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man—issued a surprise joint statement pledging to table legislation to introduce public registers by2023.
但是其中最大的两个，英国的近海领土和美国，也在朝着放弃保密的方向前进。月初，英国的三个皇家属地—泽西岛、根西岛和马恩岛— 发布了一份出人意料的联合声明，承诺在2023年之前通过立法引入公众登记册。
They had long insisted that efforts by British MPs to force such a move could trigger a constitutional crisis. But the growing clout of the transparency movement persuaded them to jump rather than wait to be pushed.
长期以来，他们一直坚持认为，英国国会议员强行实施这一举措的努力可能引发一场宪法危机。但透明运动的影响力越来越大，这促使他们跃起而不是被动地等待。
Were three of the biggest offshore financial centres to end secrecy,it would make it harder for others—including Britain's Caribbean territories, such as the British Virgin Islands and the Cayman Islands—to keep owners in the shadows.
如果三家最大的离岸金融中心终止保密， 这会让其他的金融中心更加难以—包括英国的加勒比地区 如英属维尔京群岛以及开曼群岛—掩护所有者们。
But campaigners' optimism is tinged with caution.
但活动人士的乐观中带有一丝谨慎。
The Crown Dependencies envisage a staged implementation, with access first for police,then for financial firms doing due diligence, and only later for everyone else. Some fear a ruseto buy time.
皇家属地想要分阶段实施，先是警察 然后再是做尽职调查的金融公司，最后是其他人。有些人担心这是一个拖延时间的诡计。
Shell companies in America, where incorporation is at state level, are among the world's most secretive. A recent study found that in all 50 states more personal information is needed to get a librarycard than to register a company.
美国的空壳公司是世界上最神秘的公司之一，在美国，公司的注册是在州一级进行的。一项近期研究发现，在所有的50个州中，获得一张图书证比注册一家公司所需的个人信息更多。
In some, such as Kentucky, registration can be done without giving contact details. A study of international corruption cases in 2012 found that more of the shells involved were from America than from anywhere else.
在一些州，如肯塔基州，可以在不提供联系方式的情况下注册。2012年的一项针对国际腐败案件的研究发现，涉案空壳公司中，美国公司的数量超过了其他任何地方。
In every congressional session since the financial crisis, a group of federal lawmakers has proposed corporate-transparency legislation, only to see it fail. This time looks different. On June 12th a bill was approved by the House Financial Services Committee—the first time such a law had reached that stage.
在金融危机以来的每一次国会会议上， 一群联邦立法者提议公司透明度立法，却都以失败告终。这次看起来有所不同。在6月12日，众议院金融服务委员会通过了一项法案，这是此类法律第一次达到这个阶段。
A similar bill has been introduced in the Senate. Campaigners are hopeful that a merged version will become law by the end of the year.
参议院也提出了类似的法案。活动人士希望一个合并的版本能够在今年年底成为法律。
If it does, America would not get a public register but its companies would be required to disclose their beneficial owners to the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, a federal agency, and to keep their ownership information up-to-date.
如果成功，美国将不会进行公共注册,但美国公司将被要求向联邦机构—金融犯罪执法网络披露其受益所有人，并更新他们的所有权信息。
There is still opposition, including some from a small-business association that worries about red tape.
但仍有反对声音，包括一些担心繁文缛节的小企业协会的人。
But Delaware, the biggest state for incorporation, is on board, as is America's treasury secretary, Steven Mnuchin. (His boss, Donald Trump, whose businesses have sold many a property to anonymously owned companies over the years, has not made his views known.)
但最大的企业注册州，特拉华州以及美国财政部长史蒂文·努钦都支持立法。(他的老板，唐纳德·特朗普还未发表意见，这些年来特朗普将许多房产卖给了匿名所有的公司)
If the bill passes, anti-graft activists would then push America to adopt a public register. But Britain's experience shows that transparency alone is not enough. Investigations by campaigners suggest that the information provided to its register is of mixed quality, to put it mildly.
如果法案通过，反贪活动人士将推动美国采用公开登记制度。但英国的经验表明光有透明度是不够的。活动人士的调查显示，该组织登记的信息质量好坏参半。
With enforcement lax, ne'er-do-wells are seemingly tempted to lie about who owns a firm and hope to get away with it. The government has promised an overhaul, with more money to police submissions.
由于执法不严，“从没干好事的人”似乎很容易在谁是公司所有者的问题上撒谎，并希望侥幸逃脱惩罚。政府已经承诺进行全面检查，并向警方提供了更多资金。
It will be some time before robbers' cars are forced off the world's financial highways.
要迫使强盗的汽车驶离世界金融高速需要一些时间。
以上是北京文都考研网给出的“2020考研英语外刊阅读精选:洗钱”，希望对2020考研者有所帮助!祝2020考研成功!
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