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      考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊:牛顿定律误译近300年后被发现，供考生参考。

2024考研英语同源外刊:牛顿定律误译近300年后被发现

A subtle mistranslation of Isaac Newton’s first law of motion that flew under the radar for three centuries is giving new insight into what the pioneering natural philosopher was thinking when he laid the foundations of classical mechanics. The first law of motion is often paraphrased as “objects in motion tend to stay in motion, and objects at rest tend to stay at rest.” But the history of this rather obvious-seeming axiom about inertia is complicated. Writing in Latin in his 17th-century book Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Newton said, “Every body perseveres in its state of being at rest or of moving uniformly straight forward, except insofar as it is compelled to change its state by the forces impressed.”

人们对艾萨克·牛顿(Isaac Newton)一运动定律的微妙误译，在三个世纪里一直被忽视，而这让人们对这位先驱自然哲学家在奠定经典力学基础时的想法有了新的认识。运动一定律通常被解释为“运动的物体倾向于保持运动状态，而静止的物体倾向于保持静止状态。”但这个看似显而易见的关于惯性的公理的历史是复杂的。牛顿在17世纪的著作《自然哲学的数学原理》(Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica)中用拉丁文写道：“每个物体都坚持其静止或匀速直线运动的状态，除非它被施加的力强迫改变其状态。”

Throughout the centuries, many philosophers of science have interpreted this phrasing to be about bodies that don’t have any forces acting upon them, says Daniel Hoek, a philosopher at Virginia Tech. For example, in 1965 Newton scholar Brian Ellis paraphrased him as saying, “Every body not subject to the action of forces continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line.” But that’s a bit puzzling, Hoek says, because there are no bodies in the universe that are free of external forces acting upon them. Why make a law about something that doesn’t exist?

弗吉尼亚理工大学的哲学家丹尼尔·霍克(Daniel Hoek)说，几个世纪以来，许多科学哲学家都将这句话解释为关于没有任何力作用于其上的物体。例如，1965年，牛顿学者布莱恩·埃利斯(Brian Ellis)将他的话转述为：“任何不受外力作用的物体都会保持其静止或匀速直线运动的状态。”但霍克说，这有点令人费解，因为宇宙中没有不受外力作用的物体。为什么要对不存在的东西制定定律?

In a recent paper published in the journal Philosophy of Science, Hoek argued that Newton had no intention of using the first law to refer to imaginary, force-free bodies. Newton’s use of the Latin for “except insofar” (nisi quatenus) was meant not to specify that the law referred only to such bodies, he said, but to point out that motion only changes insofar as a force compels it to.

近期发表在《科学哲学》杂志上的一篇论文中，霍克认为牛顿无意使用定律来指代想象中的无力作用的物体。他说，牛顿使用拉丁语中的“除非”(nisi quatenus)并不是要说明定律只指这样的物体，而是要指出，运动只有在力的作用下才会改变。

 

单词：

mistranslation /ˌmɪstrænsˈleʃən/ n. 误译;

subtle /ˈsʌt(ə)l/ adj. 不易察觉的，微妙的;

fly /flaɪ/ vi. 飞，飞翔;

give new insight into 提供新的视角;给予新的见解;

pioneering /ˌpaɪəˈnɪrɪŋ/ adj. 首创的，先驱的;

lay the foundations of 奠定…的基础;

paraphrase /ˈpærəfreɪz/ vt. 释义，改述;

axiom /ˈæksiəm/ n. [数] 公理;格言;

      综上是“2024考研英语同源外刊:牛顿定律误译近300年后被发现”，希望对备战2024考研考生们有所帮助!让我们乘风破浪，终抵彼岸，考研加油!

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