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      考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊8月:美国制造业还有救吗?供考生参考。

2024考研英语同源外刊8月:美国制造业还有救吗?

Industry has an allure all of its own. “From manufacturing you may expect the two greatest ills of humanity, superstition and slavery, to be healed,” wrote Ferdinando Galiani, an Enlightenment thinker.

工业有其独特的魅力。启蒙运动思想家费迪南多·加利亚尼写道：“从制造业中，你可能会看到人类的两大顽疾(迷信和奴隶制)得到治愈。”

More than 250 years on, governments share his view of factories as a cure for the ills of the age—including climate change, the loss of middle-class jobs, geopolitical strife and weak economic growth—with an enthusiasm and munificence surpassing anything seen in decades.

250 多年过去了，各国政府都认同他的观点，认为工厂是治疗时代弊病(包括气候变化、中产阶级失业、地缘政治冲突和经济增长乏力)的良药，其热情和慷慨程度超过了几十年来的任何时期。

Nowhere is spending more than America. “Folks, where is it written that [we] can’t once again be the manufacturing capital of the world?” Joe Biden, the country’s president, has asked. In search of an answer, he has committed around $1trn, or almost 5% of American GDP. In response, the EU has tweaked state-aid rules, so that national governments can splash out. These initiatives follow the example of rising Asian powers.

没有哪个国家比美国费尽心思。美国总统乔·拜登问道：“各位，哪里写着(我们)不能再次成为世界制造业之都?” 为了寻找答案，他承诺投入约1万亿美元，几乎相当于美国GDP的5%。作为回应，欧盟已经调整了国家援助规则，以便各国政府能够慷慨解囊。这些举措效仿了亚洲崛起大国的做法。

China’s “Made in China” strategy aims to turn the country from a big manufacturing player into a dominant one. India’s “Make in India” strategy hopes to boost the industrial share of the economy to 25% of value added by 2025. Emerging markets with bountiful natural resources, including Indonesia and Zimbabwe, are busy banning the export of raw materials as part of attempts to incubate home-grown industries.

中国的“中国制造”战略旨在将中国从一个制造业大国转变为主导者。印度的“印度制造”战略希望到2025 年将工业占经济增加值的比重提到 25%。自然资源丰富的新兴市场(包括印尼和津巴布韦)正忙于禁止原材料出口，试图孵化本土工业。

In the West the aim is to reverse industrial decline, which is keenly felt by voters. As a share of global economic output, manufacturing has dropped from 19% in 1997 to 16% today, with the fall steepest in rich countries. In China and India industry’s share of economic output appears to be roughly where it was three decades ago, but even in these countries it has slipped in recent years.

西方国家的目标是扭转工业衰退的趋势，选民对这一趋势感受颇深。制造业在全球经济产出中所占的份额已从1997年的19%下降到目前的16%，其中富裕国家的降幅较大。在中国和印度，工业在经济产出中所占的份额似乎与三十年前大致相当，但即使在这些国家，近年来也出现了下滑。

Manufacturing boosters make four arguments in favour of attempting to reverse this trend. First, politicians in the West say that factories are a source of solid jobs that produce a bigger and more satisfied middle class. Second, boosters view manufacturing as a driver of innovation and growth.

制造业的支持者提出了四点理由来支持扭转这一趋势。首先，西方国家的政治家们认为，工厂提供了稳定的工作岗位，从而造就了更庞大、更满意的中产阶级。其次，支持者认为制造业是创新和增长的动力。

This is urgently needed to fuel the green transition—the third reason—which will be more palatable to electorates if it delivers local jobs. Finally, tensions between America and China have pushed world leaders to reconsider which goods are strategically important, and therefore should be produced closer to home.

这正是推动绿色转型所迫切需要的——第三个理由，如果能为当地提供就业机会，绿色转型将更受选民欢迎。中美之间的紧张关系促使世界各国领导人重新考虑哪些产品具有重要的战略意义，因此应在本土生产。

Start by considering the type of employment on offer. The notion of a “good manufacturing job” is an old one. During the 20th century, those without a university education could find decent wages, job security, a bit of personal autonomy and career progression in factories.

首先要考虑所提供的工作类型。“好的制造业工作”的概念由来已久。在20世纪，那些没有受过大学教育的人可以在工厂里得到体面的工资、稳定的工作、一点个人自主权和职业发展。

Indeed, just over a decade ago production jobs in America paid a premium of 5% compared with similar service-sector ones, and offered steady hours and generous benefits.

事实上，就在十多年前，美国制造业岗位的工资比类似的服务业岗位高出5%，而且工作时间稳定，福利丰厚。

More recently, though, the picture has changed: many good manufacturing jobs no longer exist. Across the rich world, employment that requires mid-level technical skills (think machine operators) has given way to a mix of high- and low-level jobs, mostly in service sectors (think coders and baristas).

但近期，情况发生了变化：许多好的制造业工作岗位已不复存在。在整个发达国家世界，需要中级技术技能的工作(比如机器操作员)已经让位于高级和低级工作的混合，主要是在服务行业(比如程序员和咖啡师) 。

Wealthy populations spend more of their income on services; industrial demand is increasingly met by emerging markets. Whether in Detroit or Dortmund the consequences are obvious and, by now, familiar. At first glance, those who decry the loss of manufacturing jobs have a point. Surely it is worth paying to get them back?

富裕人口将更多收入用于服务业;新兴市场日益满足工业需求。无论是在底特律还是多特蒙德，其后果都是显而易见的，而且现在也已为人所熟知。乍一看，那些谴责制造业工作岗位流失的人说得有一定道理。但值得付出代价来换回这些工作岗位吗?

 

重难点词汇：

delusion [dɪˈluːʒn] n. 错觉;妄想;欺骗

superstition [ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃn] n. 迷信

keenly [ˈkiːnli] adv. 强烈地;敏锐地

palatable [ˈpælətəbl] adj. 美味的;可口的;受欢迎的

      综上是“2024考研英语同源外刊8月:美国制造业还有救吗?”，希望对备战2024考研考生们有所帮助!让我们乘风破浪，终抵彼岸，考研加油!

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