考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊8月:人口结构大洗牌!供考生参考。
2024考研英语同源外刊8月:人口结构大洗牌!
The world’s demographics have already been transformed. Europe is shrinking. China is shrinking, with India, a much younger country, overtaking it this year as the world’s most populous nation. But what we’ve seen so far is just the beginning. The projections are reliable, and stark: By 2050. people age 65 and older will make up nearly 40 percent of the population in some parts of East Asia and Europe. That’s almost twice the share of older adults in Florida, America’s retirement capital. Extraordinary numbers of retirees will be dependent on a shrinking number of working-age people to support them.
世界的人口结构已发生了变化。欧洲的人口在萎缩。中国的人口在萎缩，而人口结构年轻得多的印度将在今年超过中国，成为世界上人口较多的国家。但我们到目前为止看到的只是个开始。这些对未来人口数量的预测可靠但也严峻：到2050年时，65岁及以上的人口将在东亚部分地区和欧洲占总人口的近40%。这几乎是美国退休之都佛罗里达州老年人口比例的两倍。
As a result, experts predict, things many wealthier countries take for granted — like pensions, retirement ages and strict immigration policies — will need overhauls to be sustainable. And today’s wealthier countries will almost inevitably make up a smaller share of global G.D.P., economists say. This is a sea change for Europe, the United States, China and other top economies, which have had some of the most working-age people in the world, adjusted for their populations. Their large work forces have helped to drive their economic growth.
专家们预测，人口老龄化的结果是许多富裕国家曾认为理所当然的事情——比如养老金、退休年龄、严格的移民政策——将需要彻底改革，才能持续下去。经济学家说，今天的较富裕国家在全球GDP中占比几乎不可避免地会变小。这对欧洲、美国、中国，以及其他大型经济体来说，是个巨大的变化，这些国家曾拥有世界上最多的劳动年龄人口(相对于其人口而言)。庞大的劳动力帮助推动了这些国家的经济增长。
Those countries are already aging off the list. Soon, the best-balanced work forces will mostly be in South and Southeast Asia, Africa and the Middle East, according to U.N. projections. The shift could reshape economic growth and geopolitical power balances, experts say.
这些国家的老龄化已让它们从劳动年龄人口占比大的名单上消失。据联合国的预测，在不久的将来，劳动力人口较平衡的国家将主要集中在南亚和东南亚、非洲，以及中东地区。这种转变可能会重塑经济增长和地缘政治力量平衡，专家们说。
The opportunity for many poorer countries is enormous. When birth rates fall, countries can reap a “demographic dividend,” when a growing share of workers and few dependents fuel economic growth. Adults with smaller families have more free time for education and investing in their children. More women tend to enter the work force, compounding the economic boost.
许多较贫穷国家面临着巨大机遇。出生率下降后，劳动人口比例增加、需要赡养的人口减少，这将推动经济增长，国家能在这个时期收获“人口红利”。成年人养育的孩子少了，让他们能把更多的空闲时间花在教育和对孩子的未来投资上。更多女性往往会加入劳动大军中来，从而进一步推动经济增长。
Demography isn’t destiny, and the dividend isn’t automatic. Without jobs, having a lot of working-age people can drive instability rather than growth. If large numbers of young adults don’t have access to jobs or education, widespread youth unemployment can even threaten stability as frustrated young people turn to criminal or armed groups for better opportunities.
人口结构并不决定一切，人口红利也不是必然的。如果没有就业机会，拥有大量劳动年龄人口可能会导致社会不稳定，而不是经济增长。如果大量年轻人得不到工作或教育机会，大范围的年轻人失业甚至可能给稳定造成威胁。为寻找更好的机会，沮丧的年轻人可能会走向犯罪或加入武装团伙。
单词：
1.make up
构成;组成;给…化妆;(加班)补足，补上(耽误的时间);编造，虚构(故事、借口等);凑足，补齐(数量);和解;和好;和好;配(食品、药等);和解;铺(床);搭(铺);为…打扮
2.capital
英 [ˈkæpɪtl]美 [ˈkæpɪtl]
n.资本;资金;首都;大写字母;财产;财富;启动资金;国都;柱顶;资方
adj.
死刑的;大写的;顶好的;极好的
综上是“2024考研英语同源外刊8月:人口结构大洗牌!”，希望对备战2024考研考生们有所帮助!让我们乘风破浪，终抵彼岸，考研加油!
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