考研英语新题型是整个英语试卷中，考生较容易做的题目。接下来，小编为帮助广大考研者们，在考研英语新题型上面少失分，特意分享-考研英语(一)新题型真题解析(2015年)，供考生参考。
考研英语(一)新题型真题解析(2015年)
How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend，in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them，drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar.(41) You begin to infer a context for the text，for instance，by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved：Who is making the utterance，to whom，when and where.
The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension.But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving.You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues.(42)
Conceived in this way，comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute，fixed or"true" meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy，or some timeless relation of the text to the world.(43)
Such background material inevitably reflects who we are.(44) This doesn't，however，make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods，places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.
How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.(45) Such dimensions of reading suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit(often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading.It doesn't then necessarily
follow that one kind of reading is fuller，more advanced or more worthwhile than another.Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other，and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together，they make up the reading component of your overall literacy，or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.
[A]Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.
[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.
[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later. you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.
[D] In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.
[E] You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validity-inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.
[F] In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author's own thoughts.
[G] Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text's formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.
参考译文
你是如何进行阅读的?显然，你试图利用自身英语语法的内隐知识去理解文章，确定每个单词意思，并弄清单词之间的联系。如果你对某些单词或习语不熟悉，你会利用上下文出现的线索猜测这些词的意思。假设之后这些词变得有关联，你会在头脑中记录下语篇实体以及内在联系。然后你开始推断文章背景，例如，确定发生了什么样的言语事件：谁在说话，对谁说，何时何地说。
毫无疑问，这里提出的阅读方式是各种理解方式。但这些阅读方式表明，在推断和解决问题的过程中，理解不仅包括被动同化，也包括主动参与。你推断出作者通过提供具体证据和线索让你理解的信息。例如，你进一步推断，这篇文章可能对你而言怎样重要，或者其有效性如何-这些推断形成个人反应的基础，作者必然不是引起这种个人反应的原因。
如果理解是这样形成的，那么每位读者的理解都不会遵循相同的轨迹。这里所讨论的并不是寻找绝对、固定或者“真正的”意思(这些意思可以被读取并检查准确性)，也不是文章与世界的永久联系。更确切地说，基于我们所谓的文本材料和语境材料的相互作用，我们将词句意思归属于文章。这种相互作用即我们在文章正式结构(尤其是语言结构)中感知的各种组织或模式和我们从文章解读出的各种背景、社会知识、信仰和态度之间的相互作用。
这些背景材料不可避免地反映出了我们是谁。诸如我们阅读的地点和时间，我们的性别、种族、年龄和社会阶级等因素促使我们做出特定的理解，但同时也会模糊甚至隔绝其他方面的理解。然而，这并不会使理解变得相对化，甚至毫无意义。正是因为读者来自不同历史阶段、不同地方、有着不同社会经历，使得读者对一篇文章(包括涉及基本人类问题的文章)同样的单词产生不同但又重叠的理解，所以关于文章的讨论才会在社会信仰和价值观中发挥重要作用。
我们如何阅读一篇给定的文章也在某种程度上取决于我们有多大兴趣去阅读。我们研读那篇文章只是为了满足某个课程要求?纯粹出于乐趣去阅读?还是为了寻找信息而浏览?在火车上或床上阅读的方式与在研讨室阅读截然不同。这些阅读方式表明--本书后面介绍的其他内容也会表明-我们任何一种阅读行为都带有内在(往往未受注意的)目的。并不是说某种阅读方式会比另一种阅读方式更加充分、更重要。理想状况是不同阅读方式之间互相影响，并可以作为相互间有用的参照点和平衡点。这些阅读方式共同构成你总体读写能力的阅读部分，或者你与周围语境的联系。
答案解析
41.答案[C]
解析：
首先应该先确定该空上下句的关键词，例如上句的meaning for individual words、relationships between them，implicit knowledge of English grammar等名词短语;下句的you这一重要代词，context for the text等。这些关键词可以帮助我们快速解题，当然在做题前我们并不知道哪些词最终有用，但是这一步骤必不可少。在所有关键词中，you这一代词显得很突出，因为41空前后句都出现了you这个词，故该句很可能也会出现这一代词，7个选项中出现you一词的有[C][D][E]三项，其余各项都是以we来讨论，故可以将范围缩小到这三项。我们继续利用其余几个关键词解题：[C][D][E]三项中，[C]项出现了words，guess at their meaning，这与上一句identifying meanings for individual words意思吻合;而[D][E]两项并无words等词。再有，[C]项出现了links between them，等同于上文的relationships between them;此外context一词也复现了。根据原词复现和同义复现，可以确定本题答案为[C]。
42.答案[E]
解析：
该题上下句中，上一句的关键词比较多，比如：you、 information、 the writer、specific evidence and clues等。其中，较重要的是代词you，因为代词复现的可能性较大，上一句讨论you，下一句肯定不会突然变成其他人，故寻找选项中带有you一词的。根据上一题分析，[C][D][E]三项带有you，而[C]项已用，故本题答案应该在[D][E]之间。这两项都出现了the author一词，等同于上一句的the writer;而[E]项首句"You make further inferences你作出进一步推断"与上一句"You infer."是明显的递进关系，复现了you，infer等词，故而可以确定该项为正确答案，即本题选择[E]。
43.答案[G]
解析：
本题上下两句中，下一句更加重要，因为出现代词，而代词是较容易锁定答案的。首先，本空下句出现了such background material一词，既然提到“这些背景材料”，说明上文一定提到了background material一词，故该词为关键词。此外，下句who we are中we也是重要代词提示。该词表明，43空信息里应该出现we一词，而选项中只有[A][B][G]三项符合，故将答案缩小在这三项中。而这三项中，只有[G]项出现了关键词background和material，因此可以确定本题答案为[G]。
44.答案[B]
解析：
本空上一句的we仍然是重要线索;而下一句中，虽然有代词this，但是如果没有出现"this+具体名词”这样的结构，this所指代内容太过于广泛，因此本句的this并无太大价值。下一句中，唯一具有价值的是名词interpretation。故确定两个关键词：we、interpretation，'上一题提到，只有[A][B][G]三项带有we，而[G]已选，故答案在[A][B]两项之间。而这两项中，显然选项[B]复现了关键词interpretation，故确定该项与本空上下文讨论内容吻合，即本题答案为[B]。
45.答案[A]
解析：
上一句关键词为particular interest;下一句关键词为such dimensions of reading、we。由于本空下一句还是围绕we在讨论，故该空内容应该也会出现we，根据前两题的分析，出现we的三个选项只剩[A]未选，因此[A]很有可能是答案。再根据关键词"such dimensions of reading阅读这些方面”可以基本确定[A]项为答案，该词与[A]项"ways of reading阅读方式”接近;且该项的reading it simply for pleasure与particular interest in reading it意思相近。综上，本题答案为[A]。
综上是“考研英语(一)新题型真题解析(2015年)”，希望对考研学子们，复习英语上面有所帮助!
推荐阅读：
![京网文[2014]2116-316号](https://bj.wendu.com/imgs/jingicp.jpg){kind=link}
