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2022考研英语经济学人:为何饥饿与肥胖会在非洲并存?

In the rich world children who do not finish their meals are often scolded and told that there are people starving in Africa. In fact, the number of obese people in the region is growing, too.

在发达国家，那些爱剩饭的孩子总会被大人责骂，说非洲还有人在挨饿。事实上，非洲地区的肥胖人口也在增长。

This is because, before covid-19 struck, average incomes had risen and more people had moved to cities, where they acquired a taste for junk food.

这是因为，在新冠肺炎疫情爆发之前，非洲人均收入已经得到了提升，越来越多的人搬到了城市，同时在那里品尝到了垃圾食品的味道。

Expanding waists are linked to long-term health problems such as diabetes and high blood pressure. The pandemic, which is especially dangerous for the overweight, makes the issue even more pressing.

腰围的增加与糖尿病和高血压等慢性健康问题息息相关。新冠疫情对超重者尤为危险，也使这一问题愈加紧迫。

Development wonks have long worried about middle-income South Africa, where 40% of women and 15% of men are obese, which is defined as having a body-mass index (BMI) of 30 or more.

长期以来，发育专家一直对中等收入国家南非感到担忧。在南非，女性和男性的肥胖率分别为40%和15%，肥胖的定义是体质指数(BMI)大于等于30。

Much of the rest of the region is heading in the same direction, apart from a few of the very poorest countries such as Chad and Mali. In Zambia, for example, 35% of women and 20% of men are overweight, meaning they have a BMI above 25. More children are getting fat, too.

除了乍得和马里等几个最贫穷的国家之外，非洲大部分国家都在朝着同一方向发展。例如，在赞比亚，35%的女性和20%的男性面临超重(即BMI高于25)。越来越多的孩子正在变得肥胖。

Processed food drives the obesity epidemic in cities. As the hard-up take jobs far from home, they are eating outside their homes as much as the rich do. Many flock to street stalls that hawk chips, sweets and pre-prepared millet and sorghum. Junk food is everywhere.

加工食品推动了城市人口肥胖的流行。由于经济困难者往往在离家很远的地方工作，因此他们和富人一样通常在外面吃饭。许多人便涌向了街头小贩，购买薯片、糖果以及即食的小米和高粱。垃圾食品随处可见。

A survey found that 25% of children aged between six months and five years in Niger had scarfed at least one packaged snack or drink in the previous 24 hours. It was 30% in Burkina Faso, and over 40% in Mali and Ivory Coast.

一项调查发现，在尼日尔，25%的6个月至5岁大的儿童在过去24小时内至少食用过一种袋装零食或饮料。在布基纳法索，这一比例是30%，在马里和科特迪瓦，这一比例甚至超过了40%。

Few people are educated about the risks of junk food. Often poor mothers feed babies fizzy drinks and sugary juices alongside breast milk. They also snack on cheap crisps and biscuits. Junk food is “exciting for people, it’s new, it’s convenient,” says Fathima Abdoola, a nutritionist in Lusaka, Zambia’s capital.

很少有人接受过有关垃圾食品危害的教育。贫穷的母亲在给婴儿喂奶的同时通常也会给他们喝碳酸饮料和含糖果汁。他们还会吃价格低廉的薯片和饼干。赞比亚首都卢萨卡的营养学家法特希马·阿杜拉说，垃圾食品“让人们感到兴奋和新鲜，同时也很方便”。

In many cases a healthy diet is out of reach, even in the countryside. In Monze farmers often sell valuable crops like legumes and vegetables for cash and survive on nshima, a traditional maize porridge. A day’s worth of nutritious food, including fruit, milk and meat, costs about 70% of the average daily household income per person in sub-Saharan Africa.

在很多情况下，即使在农村，健康饮食对人们来说也是遥不可及的。在蒙泽，农民们经常出售豆类和蔬菜等有价值的作物以换取现金，并以一种传统的玉米粥nshima为食。在撒哈拉以南的非洲地区，人们每日所需的营养食物(包括水果、牛奶和肉类)约占家庭人均收入的70%。

The World Health Organisation reckons that 7% of people in Africa had diabetes in 2014, which was more than double the rate in 1980. The prevalence of high blood pressure has risen too. Chronic diseases not only harm people. They also make them less productive, and therefore poorer than they would otherwise be.

据世界卫生组织估计，2014年，7%的非洲人患有糖尿病，这一比例是1980年的两倍多。此外，非洲人的高血压患病率也在上升。慢性病不仅会对健康造成危害，还会降低人们的生产力，从而使他们愈加贫穷。

 

重难点词汇：

diabetes [ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz] n. 糖尿病;多尿症

wonk [wɑːŋk] n. 书呆子;专家

porridge [ˈpɔːrɪdʒ] n. 糊;麦片粥

prevalence [ˈprevələns] n. 流行;普遍;广泛

      以上是-2022考研英语经济学人:为何饥饿与肥胖会在非洲并存?希望对2022考研考生们，在英语阅读上面有所帮助!祝2022考研顺利!

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