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       2020考研英语阅读水平想要提升较快，并不容易!需要2020考研者每天有良好的英语阅读习惯，久而久之慢慢进步!接下来，北京文都考研网为助力学子们备考英语阅读，特意整理了考研英语阅读双语经济学人:大学应该免费吗?供考生参考。

2020考研英语阅读双语经济学人:大学应该免费吗?

In many ways the flood of bold, progressive policy proposals coursing across America’s political landscape began in 2015, when Bernie Sanders, an independent senator from Vermont, put a plan to make higher education at public universities free at the centre of his upstart campaign for the presidency.

2015年，佛蒙特州的独立参议员伯尼·桑德斯将公立大学高等教育免费化作为其竞选总统的核心议题，自那之后，美国政坛开始涌现出各种大胆、进步的议题。

Then the idea seemed radical, even gimmicky. Now it is noteworthy when leading Democrats oppose the notion. Yet some do, for example Pete Buttigieg, the mayor of South Bend, and their arguments still pack a punch.

当时看来，这个想法有些激进，甚至有些噱头。如今，值得一提的是，民主党主要成员都反对这一观点。当然，也有一些人(比如南本德市市长皮特·布蒂吉格)支持这一观点，他们的观点很有说服力。

Why indeed should taxpayers’ money be spent on the children of the rich rather than more generous financial aid for the poor? The Democratic debate over free college is in fact part of a deeper disagreement about how best to structure a welfare state.

为什么纳税人的钱应该花在富家子弟身上，而非更加慷慨地去资助穷人?民主党关于免费大学的辩论实际上是有关如何更好地构建一个福利国家的更深层次的分歧。

Across much of the rich world, a public-university education is free or nearly free, apart from the cost of books and living expenses. (Danish students even receive a stipend to help pay for such things.)

在许多发达国家，除开书本费和生活费外，公立大学的教育往往是免费的或几乎是免费的。(丹麦的学生甚至还能拿到助学金来支付书本费和生活费。)

But those in America and Britain pay tuition fees which are high and growing higher. In Britain, a change in the law in 1998 allowed public universities to begin charging.

但美国和英国学生需要支付的学费却很高，并且越来越高了。在英国，1998年的一项法律修正案开始允许公立大学收费。

The average tuition fee at four-year public universities in America has roughly tripled over the past three decades after adjusting for inflation. Rising fees represent an evolution towards a means-tested approach to covering the rising cost of higher education, which has gone up steadily all around the world.

美国四年制公立大学的平均学费在过去三十年的时间里增长了近两倍(经通货膨胀调整后得出的)。学费的上涨代表了一种趋势(通过一种覆盖了高等教育成本上涨的经济调查方法得出的)，在全球范围内，高等教育的成本都在稳步上升。

Places like America and Britain pass some of this increase on to students in the form of higher fees, with the understanding that poorer students will receive financial aid while richer ones will bear the full tuition bill.

美国和英国等地通过学费的方式将增加的高等教育成本部分转嫁给学生，他们的想法是，贫困学生将获得经济资助，而富裕学生将承担全额学费。

To many politicians in these places, this seems just. Unlike primary or secondary education, university is a minority pursuit in most advanced economies.

在这些国家的许多政客看来，这似乎是公平的。因为在大多数发达国家，不同于小学或中学教育，大学只是少数人的追求。

Across the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries, only about 45% of adults aged 25 to 34 have some post-secondary education. Those people tend to come from richer families and to earn more than the population as a whole.

世界经济合作与发展组织(OECD)各成员国中，只有大约45%的25岁至34岁的成年人接受过高等教育。这些人往往来自收入高于平均水平的富裕家庭。

A universal programme that mostly benefits a well-off not-quite-half of the country would seem a strange aspiration for egalitarian-minded politicians (though less strange for those desiring young people’s votes). Better to target aid at those from poorer families.

对于心怀平等主义思想的政治家来说，一个主要惠及不到一半的富裕人口的全民计划似乎是一种奇怪的愿景(当然，对于那些渴望得到年轻人手中选票的政客来说，就一点也不奇怪了)。所以，还是把援助的目标对准那些寒门学子吧。

 

【重难点词汇】

proposal [prə'pozl] n. 提议，建议;求婚

gimmicky ['gɪmɪki] adj. 耍花招的;巧妙手法的;噱头的

stipend ['staɪpɛnd] n. 薪金;生活津贴，薪俸;助学津贴

inflation [ɪn'fleʃən] n. 膨胀;通货膨胀;夸张;自命不凡

pursuit [pɚ'sut] n. 追赶，追求;职业，工作

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