考试资讯

咨询热线8:00-24:00 400-0999-680

首页 考试资讯考研专硕 2020考研MTI双语阅读精选:心脏起搏器的充电问题

2020考研MTI双语阅读精选:心脏起搏器的充电问题

时间:2019-07-05 18:59:08 编辑:leichenchen

       翻译硕士考研者,在暑期阶段需要看双语阅读文章,来提升阅读水平和翻译能力。下面,北京文都考研网为助力翻译硕士学子们在备考上一臂之力,整理了MTI双语阅读精选文章:心脏起搏器的充电问题,供考生参考。

2020考研MTI双语阅读精选:心脏起搏器的充电问题

FOR THOSE whose hearts occasionally go off rhythm, pacemakers are, quite literally, life savers. By providing a small electrical jolt at the right moment, they can keep a heart working at the appropriate pace. Their main drawback is that they use batteries. Even the best of them eventually run out of energy, and replacing the batteries requires surgery.

对于那些偶尔心率不齐的人来说,心脏起搏器的的确确是保命神器。心脏起搏器在适当的时刻供给小小的电动震动,让心脏保持正常心率。他们一大缺点是要用电池。即便是最好的心脏起搏器也最终会没,需要通过手术来更换电池。

Since surgery is generally best avoided, the search has been on for long-lasting power sources. Various options have been explored, including, in the 1970s, plutonium. Nuclear-powered pacemakers have thankfully fallen out of fashion and today, devices with lithium batteries last between 5 and 15 years. Zhang Hao of the Second Military Medical University, in Shanghai, and Yang Bin of Shanghai Jiao Tong University sought a way of recharging a pacemaker’s battery by scavenging energy from inside the body. As they report in the journal ACS Nano they have used the heart muscle itself to power a tiny generator.

一般情况下,最好是不要手术,因此寻找持久性电源一直是目标。各种可能性都尝试了,其中包括在20世纪70年代的钚。值得庆幸的是,核动力心脏起搏器不再流行,而今天,装有锂电池的设备能用5到15年。上海第二军医大学的张浩和上海交通大学的杨斌尝试用寻找体内能量的方式来给心脏起搏器充电。正如他们在ACS Nano杂志上报道的那样,他们使用心肌来起动微型发电机。

Previous attempts to use cardiac muscle power to run pacemakers relied on piezoelectric materials. These release electrons when deformed, and can be attached to beating hearts so that they are slightly bent with each heart beat, generating electricity. This has worked, but not well enough: the output has rarely exceeded five microwatts, while most pacemakers require at least ten.

先前一些实验是用心肌来让心脏起搏器保持动力所依靠的是压电材料。压电材料在变形时释放电子,能附着在跳动的心脏上,会在每次心跳时略微弯曲,进而发电。这种方式可行,但还不够好:发电量很少能超过5微瓦,而大多数心脏起搏器至少需要10微瓦。

Dr Zhang and Dr Yang speculated that they could improve matters by arranging for their piezoelectric composites to be more dramatically deformed. First, they created a small capsule from a sheet of flexible polymer a tenth of a millimetre thick. After compression, this capsule would return to its original shape. They then attached strips of piezoelectric composite to either side of the capsule, attached electrodes to these strips, and covered the strips with a protective layer of silicone. This layout meant that the strips were slightly bent from the beginning and required only a tiny, brief pressure to generate 15 microwatts.

张浩和杨斌猜测,可以通过安排压电复合材料更加剧烈变形来改善这个问题。首先,他们用十分之一毫米厚的柔性聚合物片制作了一个小胶囊。压缩后,该胶囊会恢复原始形状。然后,他们将压电复合材料条带连接到胶囊的任一侧,将电极连接到这些条带上,并用硅树脂保护层覆盖条带。这种布局意味着条带从一开始就略微弯曲,只需要很小的短暂压力即可产生15微瓦。

The question was where to put the capsule, either in or on the heart, in order to get a similar effect. A study of cardiac anatomy suggested the pericardial sac, at the organ’s base, would be ideal. It would squeeze the capsule tightly as the heart contracted and still keep a firm grip on it when the heart was relaxed.

问题是将胶囊放在心脏内或心脏上,来获得类似的效果。一项关于心脏解剖学的研究表明,理想的位置是在器官基部的心包囊。当心脏收缩时,心包囊会紧紧地挤压胶囊,并在心脏放松时仍牢牢抓住它。

To test this idea, the capsule’s electrodes were attached to a commercial pacemaker that had had its battery removed, and surgically implanted into a 50kg Yorkshire pig. The capsule generated enough power for the pacemaker to function normally. Whether such an arrangement will pass human trials remains to be seen. But if it does, the days of pacemakers that need battery replacements, with all their associated surgery, may be numbered.

为了测试这个想法,将胶囊的电极连接到取出电池的商用起搏器上,并通过外科手术植入50公斤重的约克郡猪中。胶囊产生足够的电量,让起搏器正常工作。这种布置是否会通过人体试验仍有待观察。不过,如果试验成功,那些需要更换电池的心脏起搏器以及所有相关手术的日子可能就屈指可数了。

       以上是北京文都考研网给出的“2020考研MTI双语阅读精选文章:心脏起搏器的充电问题”,希望对翻译硕士考生有所帮助!祝2020考研金榜题名!

推荐阅读:

2020考研MTI双语阅读精选文章汇总

2020考研MTI中国日报7月热词汇总

2020考研MTI双语时事文章总结

扫一扫

进考研专属交流群 获取更多考研干货资料

优先参加最新福利活动

我要吐槽

    • 文都考研课代表

    研友互动

    199管理类联考
      微信交流群

    396经济类联考
      微信交流群